Is Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) a Useful Indicator to Forecast Groundwater Droughts? — Insights from a Karst Aquifer

The study sought to understand the relationships between meteorological and groundwater droughts on water levels and spring discharges in Edwards Aquifer, Texas. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)‐styled Standardized Groundwater Index (SGI) was used to quantify groundwater droughts. SGI time series signal was delayed and damped, while SPI was volatile. SGI values correlated well with SPI values that were observed five to eight months ago. Dynamic regression models with lagged SPI terms and autoregressive integrated moving average errors indicated a statistically significant yet weak relationship between Lag‐1 SPI and SGI. The utility of SPI for groundwater drought forecasting was minimal in this aquifer. Nonseasonal and seasonal autoregressive terms played an important role in forecasting SGI and highlighted the need for long‐term, high‐resolution monitoring to properly characterize groundwater droughts. Spring flows exhibited stronger and quicker responses to meteorological droughts than changes in storage. In aquifers with spring discharges, groundwater monitoring programs must make efforts to inventory and monitor them. Groundwater drought contingency measures can be initiated using SPI but this indicator is perhaps inappropriate to remove groundwater drought restrictions.     

广西北部湾沿海经济区水稻及根系土硒含量特征

应用原子荧光光度法对广西北部湾沿海经济区水稻和根系土中的硒含量进行了测试。研究了水稻中硒含量与根系土中硒含量以及土壤性质之间关系。结果表明:研究区水稻中硒含量在0.021～0.335mg/kg之间,平均值为0.074mg/kg,标准差0.045,样品数为70件;根系土中硒含量变化范围为0.167～1.328mg/kg,平均值为0.620mg/kg,标准差0.230,样品数为70件。高于世界土壤表层平均值和全国表层土壤平均值,相关分析结果表明,根系土中S、有机质、P、C、N不利于水稻对硒的吸收,高CaO含量和pH有利于硒的吸收。土壤全硒量不是控制水稻硒水平的最主要因素。     

基于多生物标志物污染指数法的北部湾潮间带污染程度评价

采用多生物标志物污染指数法（multi-biomarker pollution index,MPI）评价北部湾潮间带的污染状况.2011年4月在北部湾沿海潮间带设置9个站位采集波纹巴非蛤（Paphia undulata）和沉积物样品,分析波纹巴非蛤鳃和内脏中9种生物标志物活性（含量）以及沉积物中12种化学污染物的含量.根据每种生物标志物与沉积物中化学污染物之间的皮尔逊相关性,筛选波纹巴非蛤鳃中的氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST）,以及内脏中的硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）作为评价指标,将某站位上述5种生物标志物响应值赋予相应的污染指数,叠加后即得到该站位的MPI值.结果表明,不同站位污染水平有所差别,所有站位的MPI值范围在18～39之间,涵盖＂清洁＂、＂质量良好＂、＂轻微污染＂三个等级,未出现＂污染＂或＂严重污染＂站位.湛江市北港码头（S1）、钦州湾老人沙浅滩（S3）、防城港西湾（S4）和北海市西场（S7）呈轻微污染,其他站位环境清洁或质量良好,说明北部湾潮间带整体环境质量良好,但已开始受到人为活动的轻微干扰.     

环境规制、经济高质量发展与生态资本利用的空间关系——以北部湾经济区为例

生态资本利用的空间关系影响区域可持续发展。以北部湾经济区2006—2019年面板数据为例,构建空间杜宾模型研究环境规制、经济高质量发展与生态资本利用的空间关系,结论如下：（1）环境规制、经济高质量发展和生态资本构成三E系统。（2）生态资本利用存在显著空间正自相关关系。（3）生态资本供需、流量利用及存量占用与环境规制显著空间正相关,环境规制抑制了存量占用及资本供需和流量利用水平;与经济高质量发展显著空间正相关,经济高质量发展显著提高了资本供给需求与流量利用,也增大了存量占用。（4）交互效应显著抑制了两者对资本供需与流量利用的影响、抑制了环境规制对存量占用的影响,也促进了经济高质量发展对存量占用的影响。研究结论对区域生态资本管控有实际意义。     

海西区物流发展分析与“轴-辐”物流网络构建

选取城市综合发展状况、 物流市场供需状况、 物流基础支撑条件3方面18个指标构建物流发展综合评价体系,用因子分析法计算城市物流综合竞争力,对结果进行聚类以确定各城市物流发展层次;对行政区进行网格划分,根据各等级铁路、 公路的限制速度并以国道速度为标准分别计算其收缩系数,用ArcGIS Workstation得出网格区域质心到城市的最短相对距离和城市间的最短相对距离,采用场强模型测算网格区域场强值,并对海西区城市间物流引力的大小进行度量。结果表明:衢州、 上饶、 鹰潭、 抚州、 赣州、 梅州处于海西区边缘地带,与沿海其他城市联系较弱,存在一个物流场强低值区;同时受到珠三角、 南昌、 杭州-绍兴为核心的强物流辐射区的影响,海西区物流系统的形成与发展受到限制。最后,论文提出建立以厦门、 福州、 温州为轴,泉州、 汕头为辐,其他设区市为支点,厦门、 福州、 温州、 泉州、 汕头连接线为干线通道的"轴-辐"物流网络。这一物流系统的形成关键在于轴心城市对衢州、 上饶、 鹰潭、 抚州、 赣州、 梅州等外围城市的拉拢。     

气候变化对长江三角洲海岸带的可能影响

本文利用长江三角洲海岸带的历史资料，讨论了长江三角洲海岸带的历史演变，并对未来海岸的变化作了估计。着重讨论了未来气候变化对长江三角渡海堤、江口通航、江口淡水资源的影响，指出未来全球气候变暖、长江流域降水增加都可能增加对长江三角洲海岸带的影响。最后提出了适应气候变化和减轻影响的措施。     

SIMULATING THE EFFECTS OF REDUCED PRECIPITATION ON GROUND WATER AND STREAMFLOW IN THE NEBRASKA SAND HILLS1

ABSTRACT: The Nebraska Sand Hills have a unique hydrologic system with very little runoff and thick aquifers that constantly supply water to rivers, lakes, and wetlands. A ground water flow model was developed to determine the interactions between ground water and streamflow and to simulate the changes in ground water systems by reduced precipitation. The numerical modeling method includes a water balance model for the vadose zone and MOD‐FLOW for the saturated zone. The modeling results indicated that, between 1979 and 1990, 13 percent of the annual precipitation recharged to the aquifer and annual ground water loss by evapotranspiration (ET) was only about one‐fourth of this recharge. Ground water discharge to rivers accounts for about 96 percent of the streamflow in the Dismal and Middle Loup rivers. When precipitation decreased by half the average amount of the 1979 to 1990 period, the average decline of water table over the study area was 0.89 m, and the streamflow was about 87 percent of the present rate. This decline of the water table results in significant reductions in ET directly from ground water and so a significant portion of the streamflow is maintained by capture of the salvaged ET.     

红树林生态系统服务功能及其保护

红树林有多种生态系统服务功能，包括促进渔业生产，护岸减灾，保护生物多样性，改善环境质量等，中国红树植物种类少，分布范围窄，资源面积小，质量差，尤其人类活动加剧了其脆弱和濒危程度，近年程度工作有一定进展，资源有所恢复，但仍需正确处理沿海地区发展和红树林生态系统保护的关系，在国土资源保护中给予红树林最高保护等级的地位。     

Hydrogeochemistry of the Coxilha das Lombas Aquifer, Brazil

The hydrogeochemical characterization of Coxilha das Lombas Aquifer, Brazil, was studied. Chemical characteristics from 23 groundwater samples and meteoric waters data from public registers were used. The ionic speciation and mineral dissolution/precipitation was calculated by EQ3/6 package software. The results showed low total dissolved solids (TDS) values and slightly acidic pH. The concentration of most abundant ions usually followed this trend Cl⁻>HCO₃ ⁺>SO₄ ²⁻>Na⁺. The characteristics of groundwaters and the chemistry similarity with the meteoric waters reflect their short residence time, due to high hydraulic conductivity, and low degree of water/rock interactions, due to sands composed mainly of quartz.