以醇胺或氯化铁为基液构建纳米流体体系对硫化氢气体湿法脱除的影响

分别单独以醇胺(MDEA)和氯化铁水溶液为基液,引入4种不同的纳米颗粒(纳米氧化铝、二氧化硅、碳纳米管及纳米铜颗粒),构建不同质量分数的纳米流体体系,并测定不同体系对硫化氢气体的动态脱除性能,以考察纳米流体体系的构建对碱性(MDEA)及氧化性(氯化铁)水溶液脱硫性能的影响。分别对4种纳米颗粒进行了扫描电镜和透射电镜分析,发现其尺寸均在纳米级别。气液吸收研究结果表明,在2种不同基液的纳米流体体系中,添加Al₂O₃和SiO₂纳米颗粒形成的纳米流体体系对原水溶液的脱硫性能均未产生明显影响。而碳纳米管和纳米铜颗粒的添加对H₂S气体的去除则有不同程度增强。对于碳纳米管型纳米流体而言,对MDEA和氯化铁水溶液的脱硫强化性能在纳米颗粒质量分数为0.05%时最高。而对纳米铜颗粒而言,在2种水溶液中最佳质量分数分别为0.05%和0.02%。本研究表明纳米铜颗粒的引入对碱性及氧化性水溶液脱硫性能的增强作用最为明显,可为新型纳米流体型脱硫剂的开发提供参考。     

Photolysis pathway of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solutions in the UV/H2O2 process

IntroductionNitrobenzene (NB) was mainly used in theproduction of aniline, also used as a solvent inpetroleum refining, as well as used in the manufactureof other organic compounds such as dinitrobenzenes,dichloroanilines and acetaminophen (WHO, 2003).Nit…     

An environment-friendly synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinones

4(3H)-Quinazolinones, a class of important heterocycles, are used extensively in various fields. Although there are a number of synthetic approaches, all of them use catalysts, solvents, chemical oxidants, and/or reagents harmful to the environment when released in large quantities. An environment-friendly, catalyst-free, solventless, one-step synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinones is presented. The process involves heating of aldehydes and anthranilamides under air as cheap oxidant and as key promoter of reaction. The protocol is suitable for both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. This novel synthetic method may be applied to a wide range of educts, offering high yields at low cost while characterized by minimum environmental impact.     

H3PO4活化法制备互花米草活性炭

利用互花米草茎秆为原料,以H3PO4为活化剂,在不同的活化温度(400℃-700℃)和不同的浸渍比(0.5-3.0)条件下制备活性炭.以高纯氮(N2/77.4K)吸附测定活性炭的比表面积和孔容、孔径分布,以VTIR、零点电荷pHPZC测定活性炭表面官能团的变化,并考察了活化温度及浸渍比对活性炭成品性能的影响.结果表明,...     

磷酸活化活性炭对Cu2+的吸附特征研究

寻求廉价而高效的吸附材料为目的,研究向日葵秸杆基活性炭对铜离子的吸附性能。以向日葵秸秆为原料,经H3PO4活化制备活性炭,通过静态实验研究了其对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附特性,考察了溶液pH值、吸附温度和离子强度对吸附的影响,探讨了吸附热力学、动力学和吸附机理。结果表明:溶液pH值为5～6时活性炭对Cu2+的去除效果最好;向50 mL 170 mg·L-1的溶液中加入0.5 g活性炭,温度为45℃、吸附时间为1 h时,对Cu2+的去除率可达98.3%;Langmuir方程能更好地描述Cu2+在活性炭上的等温吸附特征,静态吸附容量可达41.03 mg·g-1;吸附过程符合拟二级动力学过程,且为吸热的化学吸附过程,膜扩散为速率控制步骤,离子交换可能在吸附过程中起了重要作用。     

石油开采防护H2S危害的研究

石油开采的众多硫化物中,H2S所占的比例较大,稠油油藏伴生出了H2S气体,热采工艺加速了H2S的生成和浓度上升;由于H2S使嗅神经麻痹,臭味反而不易嗅到,往往会出现＂闪电＂式中毒死亡,危害极大。在石油开采中应用好常规防护技术和开展新型高效脱硫剂与＂高效吸收固硫剂装置＂的研究具有重要的现实意义;学习借鉴加拿大油田H2S的防护经验,建立我国含H2S油气田井作业许可制度。我们要认真深刻的吸取＂12.23＂重庆开县罗家16H天然气井喷失控硫化氢中毒重大事故的教训,在含H2S油气田井的石油开采中,只有认真搞好H2S防护的安全教育和检测报警工作、落实H2S防护对策、制定详细的事故应急预案、定期组织应急演练,才能达到防患未然的目的。     

蒙德法在垃圾焚烧发电厂安全评价中的应用

随着垃圾焚烧技术的日益成熟,国内掀起了投资垃圾焚烧发电项目的高潮。垃圾焚烧发电安全评价技术在西方发达国家已有较长的发展历史,而国内关于垃圾焚烧发电过程的安全评价方法及研究还比较匮乏。在垃圾焚烧发电过程中存在着粉尘、噪声、毒物、微生物等危害,极易造成人员的伤亡和环境的污染。结合垃圾焚烧发电的实际情况,采用英国帝国化学公司（ICI）蒙德火灾爆炸毒性指数评价方法对某垃圾焚烧发电厂进行评价,得出该垃圾焚烧发电厂不同单元的总危险系数R在补偿前后的差别,说明利用蒙德法能够比较准确地对采取安全措施前后的火灾、爆炸、中毒等危险因素进行预测,并根据评价结果和存在的问题提出有可行性的对策措施。评价结果对今后在垃圾焚烧发电中评价工作有着重要的意义。     

城市污水排水系统中H_2S控制措施的研究现状

目前,城市污水排水系统中由厌氧微生物产生的H2S气体所引起的恶臭味、管道腐蚀等一系列问题受到人们的日益重视。因此,文章通过阐述城市污水排水系统中H2S的产生机理、毒害及其影响因子,归纳总结目前对城市污水排水系统中H2S控制措施的研究现状,并提出这些措施所存在的问题,为控制城市污水排水系统中H2S的产生提供理论基础。     

DBP formation from degradation of DEET and ibuprofen by UV/chlorine process and subsequent post-chlorination

The formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs) from the degradation of N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzoyl amide(DEET) and ibuprofen(IBP) by the ultraviolet irradiation(UV)/chlorine process and subsequent post-chlorination was investigated and compared with the UV/H_2O_2 process.The pseudo first-order rate constants of the degradation of DEET and IBP by the UV/chlorine process were 2 and 3.1 times higher than those by the UV/H_2O_2 process, respectively, under the tested conditions. This was due to the significant contributions of both reactive chlorine species U(RCS) and hydroxyl radicals(HO) in the UV/chlorine process. Trichloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2-propanone and dichloroacetic acid were the major known DBPs formed after 90% of both DEET and IBP that were degraded by the UV/chlorine process. Their yields increased by over 50%after subsequent 1-day post-chlorination. The detected DBPs after the degradation of DEET and IBP comprised 13.5% and 19.8% of total organic chlorine(TOCl), respectively, and the proportions increased to 19.8% and 33.9% after subsequent chlorination, respectively. In comparison to the UV/H_2O_2 process accompanied with post-chlorination, the formation of DBPs and TOCl in the UV/chlorine process together with post-chlorination was 5%–63% higher,Ulikely due to the generation of more DBP precursors from the attack of RCS, in addition to HO.     

采用生物滴滤塔处理高浓度有机废气的试验性应用

生物滴滤塔处理高浓度有机废气直接在应用工程中进行试验,气体停留时间20s,通过控制pH值及盐度等措施,当进气浓度低于600mg/L时,处理效率能达到80%以上。