In vitro assessment of corticosteroid effects of eight chiral herbicides

Abstract

Information regarding the enantioselective endocrine disruption of chiral herbicides is scarce. This study assessed the disrupting effects of eight typical chiral herbicides on corticosteroids (including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids). Enantioselectivity of eight chiral herbicides were evaluated for their agonistic/antagonistic effects on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) with CHOK1 cell line using reporter gene assay. Their influence on the production of corticosteroids were further investigated in H295R cell line using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). None of the racemates or enantiomers of eight chiral herbicides exhibited GR or MR agonistic activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations. However, rac-propisochlor and S-imazamox antagonized cortisol-induced transactivation of GR by 21.79% and 38.73% at the concentration of 1.0?×?10^?7 M and 1.0?×?10^?6 M, respectively, and R-napropamide remarkably attenuated aldosterone-induced MR transactivation by 68.78% at 1.0?×?10^?6 M. The secretion of cortisol was significantly restrained after treated with 1.0?×?10^?6 M rac-propisochlor and rac-/R-napropamide at the concentration of 1.0?×?10^?6 M by 26.49%, 30.10% and 35.27%, respectively, while this glucocorticoid was remarkably induced by 1.0?×?10^?5 M rac-diclofop-methyl and its two enantiomers at the concentration of 1.0?×?10^?5 M by 75.60%, 100.1% and 68.78%, respectively. Exposure to rac-propisochlor (1.0?×?10^?6 M), S-diclofop-methyl (1.0?×?10^?5 M) or rac-/S-/R- acetochlor (1.0?×?10^?6 M) and rac-/S-/R-lactofen (1.0?×?10^?6 M) inhibited the secretion of aldosterone by approximately 40%. Our findings suggested that chiral herbicides disrupted corticosteroid homeostasis in an enantioselective way. Therefore, more comprehensive screening is required to better understand the ecological and health risks of chiral pesticides.     

水解/AMBBR/好氧工艺和传统A/O工艺处理低碳源污水的对比研究

为提高低碳氮比污水中易生物降解有机物的含量,实验设计了水解(H)/移动床生物膜反应器(AMBBR)/好氧(O)工艺,并与传统A/O工艺对比,考察其作为低碳源污水脱氮工艺的可行性。通过小试对比低温下(10.9~13℃)两工艺中污泥的反硝化性能,并进行了实验室规模的中试运行。小试结果显示,AMBBR两相污泥对硝酸盐的去除率比单纯反硝化污泥高出19.4%。中试结果表明,相同的运行条件下,两工艺对COD和NH3-N的去除效率相当,但H/AMBBR/O工艺对总氮的去除效率均优于传统A/O工艺;在各自最优工况下,前者平均总氮去除率较后者高出22.39%,且前者通过剩余污泥的回流水解实现了部分污泥减量化,尤其是对于温暖地区,该工艺能够有效改善低碳源污水脱氮性能。     

O3、H2O2／O3及UV／O3在焦化废水深度处理中的应用

采用O3、H2O2／O3及UV／O3等高级氧化技术（AOPs）对某焦化公司的生化出水进行深度处理,考察了O3与废水的接触时间、溶液pH、反应温度等因素对废水COD去除率的影响,确定出O3氧化反应的最佳工艺参数为：接触时间40min,溶液pH8．5,反应温度25℃,此条件下废水COD及UV254的去除率最高可达47．14％和73．47％;H2O2／O3及UV／O3两种组合工艺对焦化废水COD及UV254的去除率均有一定程度的提高,但H2O2／O3系统的运行效果取决于H2O2的投加量。研究结论表明,单纯采用COD作为评价指标,并不能准确反映出O3系列AOPs对焦化废水中有机污染物的降解作用。     

金属改性碳脱除PH3和H2S动力学及反应机理研究

为综合利用黄磷尾气中的CO,通过计算平均活化能和测定XPS、TG／DTA和氮吸附特性的方法,研究了Cu2＋和某金属离子M^n＋改性碳脱除PH,和H2S的动力学和反应机理问题。结果表明：H2S在金属改性碳上反应时平均活化能为134．4J／mol为-0．76级反应,PH,在金属改性碳上反应时平均活化能为1247．6J／mol为-0．8级反应;减小改性碳粒径增加流量可以显著提高其脱除PH,和H。S的速率;XPS、TG／DTA和孔径分布分析证明,改性碳净化H2S和PH3是一个催化吸附过程,H2S和PH3首先与氧在改性碳表面进行催化氧化反应,然后生成S和P2O5沉积吸附在改性碳表面。     

金属改性碳脱除PH_3和H_2S动力学及反应机理研究

为综合利用黄磷尾气中的CO,通过计算平均活化能和测定XPS、TG/DTA和氮吸附特性的方法,研究了Cu2+和某金属离子Mn+改性碳脱除PH3和H2S的动力学和反应机理问题.结果表明:H2S在金属改性碳上反应时平均活化能为134.4 J/mol为-0.76级反应,PH3在金属改性碳上反应时平均活化能为1 247.6 J/mol为-0.8级反应;减小改性碳粒径增加流量可以显著提高其脱除PH3和H2S的速率;XPS、TG/DTA和孔径分布分析证明,改性碳净化H2S和PH3是一个催化吸附过程,H2S和PH3首先与氧在改性碳表面进行催化氧化反应,然后生成S和P2O5沉积吸附在改性碳表面.     

Ozone risk assessment for plants: central role of metabolism-dependent changes in reducing power

The combination of stomatal-dependent ozone flux and total ascorbate level is currently presented as a correct indicator for determining the degree of sensitivity of plants to ozone. However, the large changes in carbon metabolism could play a central role in the strategy of the foliar cells in response to chronic ozone exposure, participating in the supply of reducing power and carbon skeletons for repair and detoxification, and modifying the stomatal mode of functioning. To reinforce the accuracy of the definition of the threshold for ozone risk assessment, it is proposed to also consider the redox pool (NAD(P)H), the ratio between carboxylases and the water use efficiency as indicators of the differential ozone tolerance of plants.     

基于Fluent的井喷失控有毒气体扩散模拟研究

井喷是石油工业生产中比较常见的一种事故,特别是高含硫气井井喷后会造成重大的人员伤亡,研究H2S气井井喷后毒气扩散规律具有重要现实意义.基于重庆开县“12·23”井喷事件的初始数据,建立了具有障碍物的含H2S气井井喷事故模型.运用Fluent软件对不同高度的障碍物、不同风速、不同井口释放速率三种工况下的含H2S气井井喷扩散情况进行了模拟研究,得出了三种工况下1000ppmH2S的最远扩散距离,为高含硫气井的应急疏散和安全规划提供参考.     

四川盾叶薯蓣种植概况及产业化发展对策

在对四川省盾叶薯蓣生产基地和薯蓣皂素生产企业实地考察的基础上,分析了四川省大力发展盾叶薯蓣生产、建立盾叶薯蓣规范化种植基地的优势,并针对目前生产中客观存在的问题,提出了加速盾叶薯蓣综合利用、立体开发的产业化发展对策.     

赤潮藻电致化学发光分子探针检测系统的构建

为建立一种赤潮藻电致化学发光分子探针检测新技术(electrochemiluminescence-molecular probe,ECL-MP),本课题组根据电致化学发光(electrochemiluminescence,ECL)检测微量物质的原理及相关文献,自行构建了一台ECL检测装置,并对其工作性能及最适工作条件进行反复测试.结果表明,该装置能够正常工作,在电压1.0 V,电流1.0 mA,TPrA浓度1.5 mol.L-1及磷酸盐缓冲液pH 7.4的条件下对Ru(bpy)3Cl2.6H2O达到最优检测,检测限为10-11mol.L-1,线性分析范围10-9～10-5mol.L-1,可检测的物质的量范围0.4 pmol～4 nmol,跨越5个数量级.该装置灵敏度高,工作稳定,为建立赤潮藻ECL-MP技术打下了坚实的基础.     

树脂吸附法处理黄连素模拟废水

利用树脂吸附法对黄连素模拟废水进行了试验研究,对5种大孔吸附树脂进行初步筛选,从中优选出最佳吸附树脂(大孔树脂H103)。考察了pH和树脂投加量对吸附效果的影响,绘制了动力学曲线和吸附等温线。结果表明:在黄连素浓度为1 000 mg/L,最佳初始pH为7.0的条件下,树脂最佳投加量为3.0 g。在最佳pH条件下,吸附等温线可用Freundlich等温吸附方程描述。