Soil organic matter chemistry. Part 1. Characterization of several humic preparations by proton and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Both laboratory and commercial preparations of humic substances (HSs) such as fulvic acids and humic acids along with HC1‐HF preparation of Manitoba peat soil organic matter were characterized using Fourier Transformation (FT) proton (¹H) and carbon‐13 (¹³C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. All the samples were dissolved in a solution of 0.4 N NaOD in D₂O. In the case of ‘H‐NMR spectroscopy, all the investigated humic samples displayed resonance absorption peaks in the region of 1–4 ppm indicating the likely presence of aliphatic protons in the preparations. However, with the exception of one fulvic acid preparation (extracted from Manitoba Carrol clay‐loam soil with 0.5 N NaOH), ¹H‐NMR spectra of all other samples provided evidence for strong aromatic character. The aliphatic and aromatic characteristics of such samples of HSs were further confirmed with the aid of ¹³C‐NMR spectra.     

Full scale treatment of hazardous wastewater through thermal reduction

An attempt has been made to present the data relating to full scale application of evaporation‐incineration technology for containment of wastewater emanating from H‐acid (mono sodium salt of 1 amino‐8‐hydroxynapthalene 3,6‐disulphonic acid) production with recourse to zero wastewater discharge. The wastewater is acidic with high concentrations of COD and total dissolved salts and BOD/COD ratio of 0.11. NO_x, SO_x, SPM and CO from stack emissions are within the standards stipulated by the statutory bodies.     

三次设计在合成氨装置甲醇洗工序减少H2S排放和增产CO2上的应用

对镇海炼油化工股份有限公司化肥厂民氨装置甲醇洗工序层气中Ｈ２Ｓ严重超标排放问题进行了分析。通过采用三次设计、优化生产,不但使Ｈ２Ｓ排放合格率达标,而且ＣＯ２产量也超过了原设计值。     

基于H4IIE细胞株测试间接雌激素效应物质的代谢活化方法

利用鼠肝癌细胞(H4IIE)代谢活化环境样品中间接雌激素效应物质的方法,以标准化合物双酚A和北方某污水处理厂各工艺过程的水样以及南方某水厂自来水样的有机提取物为对象,比较了代谢活化作用对雌激素效应检测结果的影响.研究结果表明,双酚A代谢活化产物的雌激素活性明显高于双酚A;环境样品中存在大量的间接雌激素效应物质,通过细胞代谢活化的方法能够检出其活性.因此,推荐将鼠肝癌细胞代谢活化与重组基因酵母检测的方法相结合,用于环境样品中直接和间接雌激素效应物质的检测.     

Ag/TiO2光催化降解H酸的研究

采用光化学沉积法制备了Ag TiO2 光催化剂 ,并对典型难生物降解的有机污染物H酸进行了光催化降解研究。结果表明 ,质量分数 1 0 %担载量的Ag能显著提高TiO2 光催化活性 ,可在较短时间内实现对H酸较高的降解效率     

一株高效产氢产酸细菌的鉴定与产氢特性

采用各种厌氧培养技术分离出90余株产氢细菌,并对其中的Rennanqilyf3进行了研究.通过16S rDNA碱基测序和比对证实,该菌株是目前尚未报道过的1个新菌种,并初步确定其细菌学上的分类地位.在培养基中分别配置不同的葡萄糖浓度和不同pH值,于间歇试验条件下测定其产气量和细菌生长情况.结果表明,菌株Rennanqilyf3在葡萄糖浓度为,15.0g/L时具有最大的细胞生长量0.46g/L,12.0g/L时具有最大产氢量58.6mmol/L;其最佳生长和产氢的pH值为5.5左右.     

UV/H2O2体系光降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯研究

研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)在UV/H₂O₂体系中的光降解.结果表明:DBP在UV/H₂O₂体系中能很好地降解,且其光降解速率大于在单一UV辐照下的光降解速率;在pH为中性条件下DBP的光降解速率最快,而在强酸性或碱性条件下DBP的光降解速率均较低;在一定H₂O₂浓度范围内,DBP的光降解速率随c(H₂O₂)的升高而增大,但当c(H₂O₂)过高时,其对·OH自由基的清除作用使DBP的光降解速率减慢.DBP的光降解速率随其初始质量浓度的增大而降低;在实验质量浓度范围内,DBP的光降解速率常数近似与其初始质量浓度成负一级反应动力学关系.      

类过氧化物酶Fe-TAML催化H_2O_2脱除烟气中的单质汞

采用有机合成法制备了类过氧化物酶(Fe-TAML)催化剂。利用制备的Fe-TAML催化H_2O_2脱除烟气中的Hg~0,考察了影响Hg~0去除率的多种因素。实验结果表明:在Fe-TAML催化剂用量为0.08 g/L、H_2O_2浓度为0.035mol/L、溶液pH为9、反应温度为40℃、烟气中Hg~0质量浓度为101.00μg/m3的条件下,反应30 min的平均Hg~0去除率可达71.50%。以甲醇作为HO·的淬灭剂开展了淬灭实验,结合产物分析,推测了Hg~0的去除机理。     

整体式催化剂选择性催化氧化硫化氢

在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷基体上分两步涂覆了SiO₂和TiO₂两种涂层,再通过浸渍法制备了V₂O₅/TiO₂-SiO₂/堇青石整体式催化剂。采用BET、XRD、XRF、SEM和H₂-TPR等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并对催化剂的H₂S选择性催化氧化活性进行了评价。结果表明：V₂O₅负载量为20%（w）时,催化剂的活性最好;在反应温度180 ℃、空速3 000 h^-1、V（O₂）∶V（H₂S）=0.5的条件下,转化率达96.94%,硫产率达95.41%。在40 h的稳定性试验过程中,转化率稳定在96%左右,硫产率稳定在94%左右,催化剂的稳定性较好。与传统颗粒状催化剂相比,该整体式催化剂更具工业应用前景。     

In vitro assessment of corticosteroid effects of eight chiral herbicides

Abstract

Information regarding the enantioselective endocrine disruption of chiral herbicides is scarce. This study assessed the disrupting effects of eight typical chiral herbicides on corticosteroids (including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids). Enantioselectivity of eight chiral herbicides were evaluated for their agonistic/antagonistic effects on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) with CHOK1 cell line using reporter gene assay. Their influence on the production of corticosteroids were further investigated in H295R cell line using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). None of the racemates or enantiomers of eight chiral herbicides exhibited GR or MR agonistic activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations. However, rac-propisochlor and S-imazamox antagonized cortisol-induced transactivation of GR by 21.79% and 38.73% at the concentration of 1.0?×?10^?7 M and 1.0?×?10^?6 M, respectively, and R-napropamide remarkably attenuated aldosterone-induced MR transactivation by 68.78% at 1.0?×?10^?6 M. The secretion of cortisol was significantly restrained after treated with 1.0?×?10^?6 M rac-propisochlor and rac-/R-napropamide at the concentration of 1.0?×?10^?6 M by 26.49%, 30.10% and 35.27%, respectively, while this glucocorticoid was remarkably induced by 1.0?×?10^?5 M rac-diclofop-methyl and its two enantiomers at the concentration of 1.0?×?10^?5 M by 75.60%, 100.1% and 68.78%, respectively. Exposure to rac-propisochlor (1.0?×?10^?6 M), S-diclofop-methyl (1.0?×?10^?5 M) or rac-/S-/R- acetochlor (1.0?×?10^?6 M) and rac-/S-/R-lactofen (1.0?×?10^?6 M) inhibited the secretion of aldosterone by approximately 40%. Our findings suggested that chiral herbicides disrupted corticosteroid homeostasis in an enantioselective way. Therefore, more comprehensive screening is required to better understand the ecological and health risks of chiral pesticides.