几种金属氧化物TPS性能比较

通过程度升温硫化研究了ＣｕＯ,Ｆｅ２Ｏ３,ＳｎＯ２,ＭｎＯ２,ＣａＯ及ＺｎＯ等金属氧化物的脱硫性能,对各种金属氧化物的ＴＰＳ曲线进行比较发现,其硫化温度及速度都不相同,氧化锰的硫化温度最低,从３４５Ｋ开始有较强的硫化氢吸收峰出现;氧化铜的硫化在３７３Ｋ左右进行;对氧化铁和氧化锌,硫化从４７３Ｋ开始,而氧化锡的硫化在６５０Ｋ左右发生;氧化钙的硫化发生在７３５Ｋ。粒度对ＴＰＳ曲线有较明显的影响,粒度减     

A novel strategy for gas mitigation during swine manure odour treatment using seaweed and a microbial consortium

• Comprehensive mitigation of gas emissions from swine manure was investigated. • Additives addition for mitigation of gas from the manure has been developed. • Sargassum horneri, seaweed masking strategy controlled gas by 90%-100%. • Immediate reduction in emitted gas and improving air quality has been determined. • Microbial consortium with seaweed completely controlled gas emissions by 100%. Gas emissions from swine farms have an impact on air quality in the Republic of Korea. Swine manure stored in deep pits for a long time is a major source of harmful gas emissions. Therefore, we evaluated the mitigation of emissions of ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and amine gases from swine manure with biological products such as seaweed (Sargassum horneri) and a microbial consortium (Bacillus subtilis (1.2 × 10⁹ CFU/mL), Thiobacillus sp. (1.0 × 10¹⁰ CFU/mL) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.0 × 10⁹ CFU/mL)) used as additives due to their promising benefits for nutrient cycling. Overall, seaweed powder masking over two days provided notable control of over 98%-100% of the gas emissions. Furthermore, significant control of gas emissions was especially pronounced when seaweed powder masking along with a microbial consortium was applied, resulting in a gas reduction rate of 100% for NH₃, amines and H₂S over 10 days of treatment. The results also suggested that seaweed powder masking and a microbial consortium used in combination to reduce the gas emissions from swine manure reduced odour compared with that observed when the two additives were used alone. Without the consortium, seaweed decreased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. The proposed novel method of masking with a microbial consortium is promising for mitigating hazardous gases, simple, and environmentally beneficial. More research is warranted to determine the mechanisms underlying the seaweed and substrate interactions.     

Perspectives on community health issues and the mining boom-bust cycle

The health of mining communities is becoming a priority for the mining industry, governments, and researchers. This paper describes an exploratory qualitative study into community health issues and mining activities (associated with the mining boom-bust cycle) from the perspective of health and social service providers in the northern Canadian coal mining community of Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia. Health and social service providers report on increases in pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and mine related injuries during booming mine activities. During bust times, mental health issues such as depression and anxiety were reported. Overarching community health issues prominent during both boom and bust periods include burdens to health and social services, family stress, violence towards women, and addiction issues. This paper concludes by providing recommendations as to how the industry can enhance community health made by this important stakeholder group.     

Preventing land loss in coastal Louisiana: estimates of WTP and WTA

A dichotomous-choice contingent-valuation survey was conducted in the State of Louisiana (USA) to estimate compensating surplus (CS) and equivalent surplus (ES) welfare measures for the prevention of future coastal wetland losses in Louisiana. Valuations were elicited using both willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept compensation (WTA) payment vehicles. Mean CS (WTP) estimates based on a probit model using a Box-Cox specification on income was $825 per household annually, and mean ES (WTA) was estimated at $4444 per household annually. Regression results indicate that the major factors influencing support for land-loss prevention were income (positive, WTP model only), perceived hurricane protection benefits (positive), environmental and recreation protection (positive), distrust of government (negative), age (positive, WTA model only), and race (positive for whites).     

高硫天然气集输站场泄漏事故后果模拟

某集输站场的天然气中含有大量的H2S,一旦管道或设备腐蚀泄漏,将会造成非常严重的后果.针对潜在的中毒、火灾和爆炸后果的危险性,建立各种后果的数学模型,用DNV公司的PHAST软件模拟了天然气发生泄漏后所造成各种后果的影响范围及危害程度,并确定出对于高含硫天然气泄漏后果影响最严重的模型.     

深度调峰长期服役TP347H钢管内壁氧化皮结构与形成机理

目的 掌握和应对深度调峰带来的新的安全隐患,对某深度调峰超临界机组的高温过热器和屏式过热器TP347H钢管内壁氧化皮开展研究。方法 采用物相成分测试和显微组织分析相结合的方法,探讨氧化皮的结构及其形成机理。结果 中间气孔层将氧化皮分为内外2层,外层为Fe2O3,结构疏松;内层较致密,主要为(Fe, Ni)Cr2O4,其中部分晶界富Cr相与含氧水蒸气反应、气化,形成气孔。含氧水蒸气通过气孔向钢基体扩散,并与其中的Cr反应,形成不连续的Cr2O3薄层。钢中的Fe原子通过Cr2O3薄层的缝隙扩散至内外层氧化皮界面,氧化形成Fe2O3,促进外层氧化皮的生长。结论 深度调峰促进了管道内壁氧化及氧化皮中气孔的形成,同时在外层氧化皮表层诱发微裂纹,促使氧化皮剥落。     

Ni-ACF催化H_2O_2氧化降解碱性品红废水

以活性炭纤维为载体,Ni2+,Mn2+,Zn2+和Fe2+的硝酸盐为活性组分,采用浸渍法制备了4种负载型催化剂,并以H2O2为氧化剂,碱性品红为目标污染物,用催化湿式氧化法,探讨了催化剂用量、H2O2投加量、染料初始浓度、反应溶液p H值、反应时间和催化剂重复使用等因素对碱性品红脱色效果的影响。结果表明,Ni-ACF较其它催化剂有较好的活性,染料的初始质量浓度为100 mg/L,Ni-ACF的用量为3.2 g/L、H2O2的投加量为20 m L/L、p H值为5.4(原液)时,反应4 h后碱性品红的脱色率达97.7%。催化剂重复使用活性良好,连续使用4次,脱色率仍可达62.5%。     

三江平原佳木斯酸雨形成及其影响因素分析

酸雨严重损害农业和森林,利用气候倾向率及相关系数方法统计分析佳木斯站酸雨形成以及风向、风速、降水对酸雨形成的影响。结果表明:酸雨月平均H值与电导率呈明显正相关,为0.707;当SW为主导风向时,酸雨发生频率最大为17%;不同等级降水酸雨发生频率差异大,在降水量5¹0 mm时,酸雨发生的频率最大,超过22%;月平均H最小值出现在8月,为6.13,酸雨发生的频率在8月也最高,为17.61%,酸雨发生次数占降水总数在10月最高,为23.01%,降水酸性在夏季最强,夏季和秋季酸雨发生频率最高;酸雨年平均H值具有明显的升高趋势,升幅为0.311℃/10 a,佳木斯酸雨整体呈下降趋势,受污染程度较轻。     

Fe3O4/FeS2活化H2O2降解典型苯胂酸类污染物

利用水热法成功制备了Fe₃O₄/FeS₂催化剂,并将其用于构建非均相芬顿体系降解典型的苯胂酸类污染物（洛克沙胂,ROX）.XRD、SEM、XPS和磁学测量系统（VSM）等表征结果表明,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂呈明显的颗粒状且具有良好的磁性.降解实验结果显示,在最优条件下（初始pH值为4.5、ROX起始浓度为20mg/L、Fe₃O₄/FeS₂投加量为0.15g/L和H₂O₂浓度为0.034g/L,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂介导的非均相芬顿体系可以超快速降解ROX,1min后的降解效率达到96.74%,明显优于单独的Fe₃O₄或FeS₂体系.此外,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂可以通过磁铁进行快速回收利用,同时也具有良好的重复利用性能,使用3次后,ROX的降解效率仍超过80%.机理分析表明,Fe₃O₄/FeS₂能够快速地催化H₂O₂产生具有强氧化性的羟基自由基（·OH）.在·OH的作-用下,ROX分子结构中C-As、C-N和C-C等化学键发生断裂,发生脱砷、脱硝和开环等反应,进而生成一系列的有机产物（如酚类、醌类、小分子有机酸等）和无机产物（As （V）和NO₃^-）.之后,无机砷能够被吸附在催化剂表面,而有机产物则进一步被矿化.     

O/H/O生物工艺中焦化废水含氮化合物的识别与转化

富氮缺磷是焦化废水的特征之一,而含氮化合物存在多种组分与形态,其在废水处理过程中的利用与顺序会影响工艺条件与达标可行性,因此,通过识别含氮化合物的种类并了解其转化可以获得优化的运行工况.为考察含氮化合物的去除过程,在与实际生产330×104t·a-1焦炭工艺相配套的焦化废水处理工程O/H/O生物工艺中,检测了原水与生物出水中含氮化合物的种类与形态,以及各单元工艺中无机氮及部分有机氮化合物的浓度,分析特征化合物的转化.研究发现,焦化废水原水中含有的无机氮化合物主要为NH+4-N(33.6%)、氰化物(7.5%)、硫氰化物(40.4%),NO-2-N及NO-3-N的含量约为1%,折算总氮浓度约为240 mg·L-1,占82.5%左右;有机氮当中,可检测到胺类14种,有机腈类22种,含氮杂环化合物76种,以总氮形式表达其浓度低于50 mg·L-1,约占17.5%.处理过程中,O1反应器能够把氰化物、硫氰化物氧化为氨氮,有机氮发生形态改变;H反应器中,环状含氮化合物通过水解作用实现分子开环转变为氨氮,回流液中的硝态氮实现反硝化转变为氮气;O2反应器能够将低价状态的含氮化合物转变为硝态氮;生物出水中,硝态氮占总氮的70%以上;含氮化合物的转化受反应器的性质与运行条件控制,表现出复杂性.研究指出,焦化废水总氮的控制需要依据含氮化合物种类与形态判断、工艺组合及条件优化综合考虑.