有机酸对H发泡剂分解历程的影响及作用机制分析

为研究有机酸对H发泡剂热分解特性的影响,采用量热仪测试不同质量分数苯甲酸、水杨酸、邻苯二甲酸与H发泡剂混合物的热分解特性参数.结果表明:H发泡剂分解时,随着升温速率增加,外推起始分解温度Te、峰值温度Tp与最大放热速率随之升高.3种有机酸的加入均可以促进H发泡剂的分解,随着有机酸质量分数的增加,其外推起始分解温度和峰值...     

利用木素-SiO2凝胶制备稀土催化剂及对蒽醌废水处理的研究

探讨利用木质素-二氧化硅凝胶制备高比表面稀土催化剂的方法、性能及其在非均相催化体系中稀土催化剂对双氧水的催化行为与效果.结果表明,负载型稀土对双氧水产生羟基自由基氧化染料中间体废水具有明显的增效行为,并对该行为的机理进行了探讨.     

Mechanism and rate constants for complete series reactions of 19 fluorophenols with atomic H

Fluorine-containing halogenated fluorophenol may have efect as intermediate species involved in the formation of polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans(PFDDs/Fs). The mechanism for the atomic H initiated reactions with complete series of nineteen fluorophenol congeners was studies using the density functional theory. At the MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) level, the geometries and frequencies of reactants, transition states, and products were obtained, and the accurate energetic values were acquired at the MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p) level. The rate constants were evaluated by the canonical variational transition-state theory with the small curvature tunneling contribution over a wide temperature range of 600–1000 K. The study shows that the intramolecular hydrogen-bond in the ortho-substituted FPs as well as the inductive efect of the electron-withdrawing fluorine and steric repulsion of multiple substitutions may ultimately be responsible for the relative strength of the O–H bonds in FPs. The results can be used for further studies on PFDD/Fs formation mechanism.     

一种改进的高级氧化工艺降解微囊藻毒素动力学模型

试验利用UV/H₂Ｏ₂和臭氧2种高级氧化工艺降解太湖水中粗提取的微囊藻毒素,研究了光强、初始藻毒素浓度、H₂Ｏ₂投加量、臭氧投加量、pH值及阴离子对其去除率的影响,并探讨了包括pH,碳酸根浓度等水质参数在反应过程中的变化情况.在准一级反应动力学的基础上提出了一种简捷的适合实际水质的高级氧化技术降解数学模型.结果表明,UV/H₂Ｏ₂（包括单独UV）体系中,准一级动力学和准二级动力学相关系数R² 的平均值分别为0.927和0.827;在臭氧工艺中,准一级和准二级动力学相关系数R² 的平均值分别为0.911和0.925;而采用改进的一级动力学模型拟合的精确性有较大提高,UV/H₂Ｏ₂（包括单独UV）和臭氧2种体系中拟合相关系数R² 的平均值分别提高到0.982和0.985;而且通过模型分析还可以得出：在光强、双氧水浓度和臭氧浓度不变的情况下,pH值和碳酸根（碳酸氢根）离子浓度是影响反应最大的因素.     

单室型微生物燃料电池处理黄姜废水的性能研究

以黄姜废水为底物,采用单室型微生物燃料电池,验证了MFC处理黄姜废水的可行性,研究了进水COD和SO42-浓度对产电性能的影响.控制电导率和COD等条件一致,黄姜废水最大功率密度为葡萄糖配水的80.3%.低COD浓度条件下MFC产电稳定,功率密度随COD浓度上升而提高,最高为322 mW/m2;当COD提高至2766 mg/L以上时,MFC稳定产电的时长缩短且更新基质后无法恢复最佳产电水平,表明过高的COD负荷会抑制产电微生物活性.COD最终去除率在68.2%~84.8%之间,且随着初始浓度的提高去除率有所下降.进水SO42-浓度的提高使MFC输出功率密度增大,但当SO42-浓度>7 716 mg/L(电导率>8.19 mS/cm)时,继续提高SO42-浓度无法使功率密度增大.与沉淀SO42-后的废水比较,含硫原水的最大功率密度平均下降14.5%,其库仑效率也随SO42-浓度提高明显下降,表明存在SO42-作为电子受体被还原,降低了MFC的效率.     

Fe-Ce双金属氧化物常温脱除低浓度H2S

采用共沉淀法制备了Fe-Ce双金属氧化物脱硫剂,通过XRD、FTIR、N2吸附-脱附和XPS对脱硫剂进行了表征.在常温下对H2S质量浓度为607μg/L的H2S-N2混合气体进行脱硫研究,探讨了Ce与Fe的摩尔比和无水乙醇洗涤对脱硫剂在常温下脱硫性能的影响,考察了脱硫剂的再生性能.实验结果表明:Ce与Fe摩尔比为0.1...     

Highly effective visible-photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and simultaneous organic pollutant degradation over an urchin-like oxygen-doped MoS2/ZnIn2S4 composite

● An urchin-like OMS/ZIS composite was fabricated by a facile solvothermal method. ● The OMS/ZIS exhibits superior photocatalytic H₂ evolution for organics degradation. ● A probable mechanism of dual-functional photocatalysis was proposed in detail. ● This work provides an inspiration for rational design of dual-functional catalysts. Achieving hydrogen production and simultaneous decomposition of organic pollutants through dual-functional photocatalytic reactions has received increasing attention due to the environmentally friendly and cost-effective characteristics of this approach. In this work, an urchin-like oxygen-doped MoS₂/ZnIn₂S₄ (OMS/ZIS) composite was fabricated for the first time using a simple solvothermal method. The unique microstructure with abundant active sites and fast charge transfer channels further shortened the charge migration distance and compressed carrier recombination. The obtained composite exhibited an efficient H₂ evolution reaction rate of 12.8 mmol/g/h under visible light, which was nearly times higher than pristine ZnIn₂S₄, and the apparent quantum efficiency was 14.9% (420 nm). The results of the simultaneous photocatalytic H₂ evolution and organic pollutant decomposition test were satisfactory, resulting in decomposition efficiencies of resorcinol, tetracycline, and bisphenol A that reached 41.5%, 63.5%, and 53.0% after 4 h, respectively, and the highest H₂ evolution rate was 672.7 μmol/g/h for bisphenol A. Furthermore, natural organic matter (NOM) abundantly found in actual water was adopted as an electron donor for H production under simulated sunlight irradiation, indicating the promising practicability of simultaneous hydrogen evolution and NOM decomposition. Moreover, the mechanisms of the dual-purpose photocatalytic reactions, as well as the synergistic effect between the molecular structures of the organic pollutants and the corresponding adsorption behavior on the photocatalyst surface were illustrated in detail. These obtained results may serve as an inspiration for the rational design of highly efficient, dual-functional photocatalysts in the future.     

城市污泥堆肥过程中H2S的释放动态及其控制策略

以城市污泥为对象，研究了不同堆肥原料配比对H2S释放的影响．结果表明，在堆肥过程中，尽管从释放H2S浓度的动态变化来看存在一定的波动，但总体趋势是：降温期〉高温期〉升温期．采用堆肥物料上、下分层的处理，堆肥所需时问较短，堆体腐熟时H2S的总释放量也最少；同时，采用大功率风机进行鼓风，堆体释放H2S浓度的最大值降低．因此，在城市污泥的堆肥中，采用堆肥物料上下分层与大功率风机相结合的措施，既可以减少H2S的释放量，又可以缩短堆肥时间，是一种有潜在应用价值的堆肥技术．     

核电厂厂区实验室乙炔泄漏扩散过程的数值模拟

为了得到核电厂厂区实验室乙炔在复杂气流环境下的泄漏扩散规律及事故的危险范围,在建立了乙炔实际泄漏环境条件下物理模型的基础上,采用CFD对厂区实验室两类乙炔泄漏扩散过程进行数值模拟,得到乙炔泄漏后的室内扩散过程,以及在不同时间内室内存在爆炸极限的区域和达到爆炸极限的范围,同时给予了讨论和分析.研究结果为实验室可燃气体探测、管道布局与实验室风口设计配合、泄漏实验室危险处置和安全技术管理提供理论依据.     

Sonographic findings in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome related to H19 hypermethylation

Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth syndrome associated with congenital malformations and tumour predisposition. BWS results from variable mutations or epigenetic modifications of imprinted genes in the 11p15 chromosomal region. We present a fetus with mild general overgrowth and bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys with loss of the corticomedullary differentiation in which prenatal diagnosis of BWS was suspected. The rest of the fetal anatomy and the amniotic fluid volume appeared normal. After termination of the pregnancy, molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis of BWS by showing an isolated hypermethylation of the H19 gene. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.