离子色谱法测定环境水样中的氨氮

使用离子色谱分析地表水、地下水、饮用水源等环境水样中的氨氮,以甲磺酸为流动相,采用等度淋洗,进一次样品可同时检测其它多种阳离子,操作方便,考察了方法的精密度和准确度,并对氨氮标准曲线进行了简要分析,氨氮定量范围为0.04 mg/l～15 mg/l,可满足环境监测要求。     

深度调峰长期服役TP347H钢管内壁氧化皮结构与形成机理

目的 掌握和应对深度调峰带来的新的安全隐患,对某深度调峰超临界机组的高温过热器和屏式过热器TP347H钢管内壁氧化皮开展研究。方法 采用物相成分测试和显微组织分析相结合的方法,探讨氧化皮的结构及其形成机理。结果 中间气孔层将氧化皮分为内外2层,外层为Fe2O3,结构疏松;内层较致密,主要为(Fe, Ni)Cr2O4,其中部分晶界富Cr相与含氧水蒸气反应、气化,形成气孔。含氧水蒸气通过气孔向钢基体扩散,并与其中的Cr反应,形成不连续的Cr2O3薄层。钢中的Fe原子通过Cr2O3薄层的缝隙扩散至内外层氧化皮界面,氧化形成Fe2O3,促进外层氧化皮的生长。结论 深度调峰促进了管道内壁氧化及氧化皮中气孔的形成,同时在外层氧化皮表层诱发微裂纹,促使氧化皮剥落。     

Perspectives on community health issues and the mining boom-bust cycle

The health of mining communities is becoming a priority for the mining industry, governments, and researchers. This paper describes an exploratory qualitative study into community health issues and mining activities (associated with the mining boom-bust cycle) from the perspective of health and social service providers in the northern Canadian coal mining community of Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia. Health and social service providers report on increases in pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and mine related injuries during booming mine activities. During bust times, mental health issues such as depression and anxiety were reported. Overarching community health issues prominent during both boom and bust periods include burdens to health and social services, family stress, violence towards women, and addiction issues. This paper concludes by providing recommendations as to how the industry can enhance community health made by this important stakeholder group.     

Preventing land loss in coastal Louisiana: estimates of WTP and WTA

A dichotomous-choice contingent-valuation survey was conducted in the State of Louisiana (USA) to estimate compensating surplus (CS) and equivalent surplus (ES) welfare measures for the prevention of future coastal wetland losses in Louisiana. Valuations were elicited using both willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept compensation (WTA) payment vehicles. Mean CS (WTP) estimates based on a probit model using a Box-Cox specification on income was $825 per household annually, and mean ES (WTA) was estimated at $4444 per household annually. Regression results indicate that the major factors influencing support for land-loss prevention were income (positive, WTP model only), perceived hurricane protection benefits (positive), environmental and recreation protection (positive), distrust of government (negative), age (positive, WTA model only), and race (positive for whites).     

高硫天然气集输站场泄漏事故后果模拟

某集输站场的天然气中含有大量的H2S,一旦管道或设备腐蚀泄漏,将会造成非常严重的后果.针对潜在的中毒、火灾和爆炸后果的危险性,建立各种后果的数学模型,用DNV公司的PHAST软件模拟了天然气发生泄漏后所造成各种后果的影响范围及危害程度,并确定出对于高含硫天然气泄漏后果影响最严重的模型.     

Mechanism and rate constants for complete series reactions of 19 fluorophenols with atomic H

Fluorine-containing halogenated fluorophenol may have efect as intermediate species involved in the formation of polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans(PFDDs/Fs). The mechanism for the atomic H initiated reactions with complete series of nineteen fluorophenol congeners was studies using the density functional theory. At the MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) level, the geometries and frequencies of reactants, transition states, and products were obtained, and the accurate energetic values were acquired at the MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p) level. The rate constants were evaluated by the canonical variational transition-state theory with the small curvature tunneling contribution over a wide temperature range of 600–1000 K. The study shows that the intramolecular hydrogen-bond in the ortho-substituted FPs as well as the inductive efect of the electron-withdrawing fluorine and steric repulsion of multiple substitutions may ultimately be responsible for the relative strength of the O–H bonds in FPs. The results can be used for further studies on PFDD/Fs formation mechanism.     

Fe-Ce双金属氧化物常温脱除低浓度H2S

采用共沉淀法制备了Fe-Ce双金属氧化物脱硫剂,通过XRD、FTIR、N2吸附-脱附和XPS对脱硫剂进行了表征.在常温下对H2S质量浓度为607μg/L的H2S-N2混合气体进行脱硫研究,探讨了Ce与Fe的摩尔比和无水乙醇洗涤对脱硫剂在常温下脱硫性能的影响,考察了脱硫剂的再生性能.实验结果表明:Ce与Fe摩尔比为0.1...     

核电厂厂区实验室乙炔泄漏扩散过程的数值模拟

为了得到核电厂厂区实验室乙炔在复杂气流环境下的泄漏扩散规律及事故的危险范围,在建立了乙炔实际泄漏环境条件下物理模型的基础上,采用CFD对厂区实验室两类乙炔泄漏扩散过程进行数值模拟,得到乙炔泄漏后的室内扩散过程,以及在不同时间内室内存在爆炸极限的区域和达到爆炸极限的范围,同时给予了讨论和分析.研究结果为实验室可燃气体探测、管道布局与实验室风口设计配合、泄漏实验室危险处置和安全技术管理提供理论依据.     

有机酸对H发泡剂分解历程的影响及作用机制分析*

为研究有机酸对H发泡剂热分解特性的影响,采用量热仪测试不同质量分数苯甲酸、水杨酸、邻苯二甲酸与H发泡剂混合物的热分解特性参数。结果表明:H发泡剂分解时,随着升温速率增加,外推起始分解温度Te、峰值温度Tp与最大放热速率随之升高。3种有机酸的加入均可以促进H发泡剂的分解,随着有机酸质量分数的增加,其外推起始分解温度和峰值温度呈现同步下降趋势。有机酸熔融生成的H+对H发泡剂分解过程具有显著影响。加入水杨酸能显著降低H发泡剂分解的热释放速率,降低H发泡剂分解过程中的热风险,当水杨酸质量分数达到24%时,较之混有苯甲酸与邻苯二甲酸的H发泡剂外推起始分解温度降低20 ℃。     

以TiO2为载体的锰铈系低温SCR脱硝催化剂抗硫抗水性能研究进展

开发具有低温、高活性、高抗硫抗水性的NH₃-SCR脱硝催化剂成为目前广大学者的主要研究方向。锰铈催化剂因为其优异的低温活性而具有广阔的应用前景,但反应气氛中的SO₂和H₂O会使催化剂中毒。本文分析了以TiO₂为载体的锰铈基催化剂在低温氨选择性催化还原过程中SO₂和H₂O的中毒机理,重点从添加助剂和改变催化剂形貌两方面介绍了提高锰铈催化剂抗硫抗水性的研究进展。最后针对目前锰铈催化剂存在的问题对其研究方向进行了展望。