Single-solute and bi-solute sorption of phenanthrene and pyrene onto pine needle cuticular fractions

To better understand interaction mechanisms of pine needles with persistent organic pollutants, single-solute and bi-solute sorption of phenanthrene and pyrene onto isolated cuticular fractions of pine needle were investigated. The structures of cuticular fractions were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid-state ¹³C NMR. Polymeric lipids (cutin and cutan) exhibited notably higher sorption capabilities than the soluble lipids (waxes), while cellulose showed little affinity with sorbates. With the coexistence of the amorphous cellulose, the sorption of cutan (aromatic core) was completely inhibited, so the cutin components (nonpolar aliphatic moieties) dominated the sorption of bulk needle cuticle. By the consumption of the amorphous cellulose under acid hydrolysis, sorption capacities of the de-sugared fractions were dramatically enhanced, which controlled by the exposed aromatic cores and the aliphatic moieties. Furthermore, the de-sugared fractions demonstrated nonlinear and competitive sorption due to the specific interaction between aromatic cores and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.     

微米铁复合生物碳源对地下水中1,2-二氯乙烷的高效去除

1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCA)是一类地下水中常见的难降解饱和氯代烃,为探究厌氧条件下零价铁(ZVI)协同生物作用对其降解规律,采集北京市某氯代烃污染场地地下水及含水层土壤,利用微宇宙实验体系,通过添加由微米级零价铁(mZVI)、生物碳源及营养组成的复合药剂,考察不同条件下1,2-DCA的去除效果,并对地下水理化参数的变化进行长期监测.结果表明:复合药剂添加量为3%时,恒温、避光、匀速振荡的反应条件下,15 d内地下水中的1,2-DCA即可降至低于检出限.中性pH及SO_4~(2-)的存在更有利于1,2-DCA的脱氯降解. 30 d后仅检测到体系中明显的乙烯产生,推测双脱氯消除为1,2-DCA在该体系内的主要降解途径.此外,复合药剂加入后,地下水可长时间维持较低的氧化还原电位(-100～-300 m V)、溶解氧(0. 5 mg·L~(-1))以及适宜的pH值(6. 5～7. 5),利于厌氧微生物活性的维持及脱氯反应的进行.     

塔里木油田三甘醇脱水装置参数优化研究

文章通过三甘醇脱水工艺的第三套三甘醇注醇量调整,第三套再生温度的调节、汽提气注入量调整、贫液进塔温度调整运行参数的优化,得出:当三甘醇脱水工艺循环量在3840kg/h左右时,再生效果最好,贫液浓度最高,所获得的干气水露点最低;三甘醇脱水工艺再生温度在190～200℃之间温度越高,再生效果越好;三甘醇脱水工艺再生装置在汽提气量30Nm3/h左右时,再生效果最好,贫液浓度最高,所获得的干气水露点最低。     

Migration behavior and in-situ bioremediation of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent in vadose zone: a review北大核心CSCD

It is of great significance for in-situ bioremediation to clarify the migration behavior and biodegradation laws of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents (CHS) in the vadose zone. We systematically summarized the phase distribution of CHS, the interaction between different phases, and the migration characteristics and clarified the evolution rules of CHS under different phases in the polluted vadose zone. CHS exists in the vadose zone as the NAPL, dissolved phase, adsorbed phase, gas phase, and other phases, where there are three decay evolution stages: early, middle, and late stages. Phase change and diffusion matrix size are important indicators at different stages; at the same time, gas, solid, liquid and NAPL phase CHS have a variety of interactive relationships in the vadose zone. Subsequently, the characteristics of the three main biological metabolic pathways of CHS in the vadose zone–aerobic co-metabolism, direct oxidation and anaerobic reduction, and dechlorination–and their influencing factors were summarized. Generally speaking, the anaerobic dechlorination capacity decreases with a decrease in the number of chlorine atoms, whereas the aerobic degradation capacity increases with a decrease in the number of chlorine atoms. The current status of in-situ remediation of CHS in the vadose zone was summarized using biostimulation and bioaugmentation methods, indicating that adding nutrient substances and injecting anaerobic dechlorination strains of Dehalococcoides are effective means of remediation. Simultaneously, the factors influencing the biodegradation of CHS in the vadose zone were elaborated to acquire a systematic insight into the significance of redox characteristics (oxygen) on the degradation of CHS. Finally, research on the biodegradation of CHS in the vadose zone is prospected, and it is necessary to carry out research on the interactive relationship between different phases of CHS, the data monitoring of CHS, the structure of the functional bacterial community, and research and development of active strains to provide theoretical guidance for the in-situ remediation of CHS in the vadose zone. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

固定污染源NMHC-CEMS样品传输管线加热的必要性问题探究

针对非甲烷总烃在线监测系统（NMHC-CEMS）样品传输管线在不同伴热温度下对辛烷的吸附作用,以及管线自身的挥发情况开展研究。试验表明：在室温条件下,低、中、高质量浓度的辛烷标气在不锈钢传输管线中均有较为明显的吸附残留,在≥90 ℃的伴热条件下,辛烷在传输管内残留量对测定结果基本无影响,残留量明显低于1%,说明对样品进行加热传输是保证NMHC-CEMS测定结果准确性的必要措施。PTFE和PFA材质伴热管线在高温伴热下挥发明显,而不锈钢伴热管线更适用于NMHC-CEMS样品的传输。     

地下超临界流体与油气运移关系浅析

地球内部存在大量挥发份，它们自深层逸出过程中一般呈趋临界流体状态。由于超临界流体的特殊性质，它们的运移极有可能与地下的油气藏发生联系,甚至对油气的富集、运移与成藏的各个演化过程可能都有不可忽视的影响。     

The Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Crude Oil on the Growth and Metabolism of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Seedlings

Summary The effect of crude oil contaminated soil at various sublethal concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%) on the growth and metabolism of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seedlings was studied. The results showed that crude oil induced environmental stress in the seedlings. This is indicated by the increase in free sugar, total protein and amino acids and a decrease in chlorophyll contents of the leaves of 12-day-old seedlings. The activities of total amylase and starch phosphorylase from the cotyledon and mitotic activity of the meristems of the root of 4-day-old seedling were inhibited by the various concentrations except at 0.5%, which showed stimulation of cellular and metabolic activities relative to seedlings in the control treatment.     

太原市采暖期大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃的污染特征

本研究对太原市采暖期PM2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染水平、组成特征、健康风险以及来源进行了分析。结果表明,太原市采暖期PM2.5的日均浓度水平为70.7~274.2μg/m3,90%的样品超过了我国《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)中PM2.5的二级标准限值(75μg/m3)。PM2.5中16种PAHs的浓度水平为282.7~1 398.6ng/m3,平均值为915.7ng/m3。荧蒽(Fla)是浓度最高的单体,占PAHs总浓度的20.4%,其次是芘(Pry)和菲(Phe),分别占14.5%和13.2%。不同环数的PAHs质量浓度为4环5~6环2~3环。以苯并(a)芘(Bap)为参照对象的昼夜毒性当量浓度Bapeq分别为75.5和100.0ng/m3,高于我国和WHO对Bap的规定值(分别为2.5和1ng/m3),对人体健康存在潜在危害。根据PAHs环数分布及特征比值法判断PAHs的主要来源是煤燃烧,同时也存在一定的生物质燃烧和少部分石油燃烧。     

我国部分城市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布特征

主要研究中国大气颗粒物中多环芳烃污染状况,对多环芳烃的浓度水平、时间和空间分布、组成及在不同粒径颗粒物上的分布特征进行了综述.北方城市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的浓度普遍高于南方城市.大气颗粒物中多环芳烃以4～6环为主,占多环芳烃总量的60％～ 80％.大多数多环芳烃分布于细粒子中,且多环芳烃在PM2.5中的分布占在PM1o中分布的70％以上.多环芳烃质量浓度有明显的季节变化特征,多数研究中多环芳烃浓度从高到低的季节变化规律为冬季、秋季、春季、夏季.不同功能区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃污染,城区高于郊区,交通区和工业区高于商业区、居住区和文化区.     

Anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs in mangrove sediment with amendment of NaHCO3

Mangrove sediment is unique in chemical and biological properties. Many of them suffer polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) contamination. However, the study on PAH biological remediation for mangrove sediment is deficient. Enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium and electron acceptor amendment are considered as two effective measures. Compared to other electron acceptors, the study on CO2, which is used by methanogens, is still seldom. This study investigated the effect of Na HCO3 amendment on the anaerobic biodegradation of four mixed PAHs, namely fluorene(Fl), phenanthrene(Phe),fluoranthene(Flua) and pyrene(Pyr), with or without enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium in mangrove sediment slurry. The trends of various parameters, including PAH concentrations, microbial population size, electron-transport system activities, electron acceptor and anaerobic gas production were monitored. The results revealed that the inoculation of enriched PAH-degrading consortium had a significant effect with half lives shortened by 7–13 days for 3-ring PAHs and 11–24 days for 4-ring PAHs. While Na HCO3 amendment did not have a significant effect on the biodegradation of PAHs and other parameters, except that CO2 gas in the headspace of experimental flasks was increased.One of the possible reasons is that mangrove sediment contains high concentrations of other electron acceptors which are easier to be utilized by anaerobic bacteria, the other one is that the anaerobes in mangrove sediment can produce enough CO2 gas even without adding Na HCO3.