沈阳和大连市居民血硒水平的评价

采用新极谱法测定了沈阳和大连市健康居民的全血样品的含量。沈阳和大连市分别为296例和300例,全血硒含量分别为153.8±48.5μg/L和146.5±51.0μg/L。沈阳市男性159例,女性137例,全血硒含量分别为157.3±49.6μg/L和149.3±46.6μg/L。大连市男性159例,女性141例,全血硒含量分别为148.1±50.2μg/L和144.7±51.9μg/L。沈阳和大连市居民血硒水平处于营养状态,均比9年前血硒水平显著提高(p<0.001)。     

机动车尾气的产生及对人群健康的影响和防治对策

较详细的介绍了机动车燃料和尾气的关系，全面论述了尾气中主要污染物对人体健康的危害，并对防治尾气的污染提出了建议。     

我国道路运输现代化建设评价体系的建立

交通运输系统是国民经济的重要生产系统 ,同时又是国民经济发展的重要条件 ,其中道路运输作为交通运输系统的一个子系统 ,其现代化的实质就是建设与基本实现现代化的社会经济相适应的道路运输。笔者介绍了交通运输现代化的含义以及我国道路运输现代化建设的必要性及内容要求 ;给出了建立我国道路运输现代化建设评价体系应遵循的 5项原则 ;进而在借鉴山东省交通运输现代化道路运输现代化目标体系结构的基础上 ,对我国道路运输现代化建设评价指标体系进行了科学、合理的设计 ;最后建立了一套我国道路运输现代化建设综合评判模型 ,该模型包括我国道路运输现代化建设的评价标准确定、指标权数确定方法以及评价方法的选择。     

大气颗粒物对人体健康影响的研究情况

本文对大气粒状污染物的成分、流行病学研究及防治对策进展进行了介绍。     

健康风险分析(HRA)在石化工程项目中的应用

结合参加南海石化项目管理承包商 (PMC)的健康、安全、环境 (HSE)管理工作的体会 ,简要介绍了南海石化项目中使用的主要健康风险分析的方法 (HRA) ,包括HRA的意义、范围和方法 ,举例说明了如何进行HRA。同时笔者还提出了HRA和中国设计报批相结合的思路 ,指出HRA可以作为职业卫生专篇的编制依据。通过进行HRA ,找出设计中有可能影响健康的所有因素 ,确定危害部位 ,并初步提出工程控制措施和个人防护措施 ,给出了职业卫生工作在工程设计中的结合点。对今后工程中HSE一体化提供了可行的方法     

A Special Vegetation Index for the Weed Detection in Sensor Based Precision Agriculture

Many technologies in precision agriculture (PA) require image analysis and image- processing with weed and background differentiations. The detection of weeds on mulched cropland is one important image-processing task for sensor based precision herbicide applications. The article introduces a special vegetation index, the Difference Index with Red Threshold (DIRT), for the weed detection on mulched croplands. Experimental investigations in weed detection on mulched areas point out that the DIRT performs better than the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The result of the evaluation with four different decision criteria indicate, that the new DIRT gives the highest reliability in weed/background differentiation on mulched areas. While using the same spectral bands (infrared and red) as the NDVI, the new DIRT is more suitable for weed detection than the other vegetation indices and requires only a small amount of additional calculation power. The new vegetation index DIRT was tested on mulched areas during automatic ratings with a special weed camera system. The test results compare the new DIRT and three other decision criteria: the difference between infrared and red intensity (Diff), the soil-adjusted quotient between infrared and red intensity (Quotient) and the NDVI. The decision criteria were compared with the definition of a worse case decision quality parameter Q, suitable for mulched croplands. Although this new index DIRT needs further testing, the index seems to be a good decision criterion for the weed detection on mulched areas and should also be useful for other image processing applications in precision agriculture. The weed detection hardware and the PC program for the weed image processing were developed with funds from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).     

工业-环境系统可持续发展定量研究

应用系统论分析了工业－环境系统内部相互作用的特征,建立了工业－环境系统可持续发展的定量判据。对区域工业－环境可持续发展问题进行了定量研究。     

Adaptive response criteria in road hazard detection among older drivers

Objectives: The majority of existing investigations on attention, aging, and driving have focused on the negative impacts of age-related declines in attention on hazard detection and driver performance. However, driving skills and behavioral compensation may accommodate for the negative effects that age-related attentional decline places on driving performance. In this study, we examined an important question that had been largely neglected in the literature linking attention, aging, and driving: can top-down factors such as behavioral compensation, specifically adaptive response criteria, accommodate the negative impacts from age-related attention declines on hazard detection during driving?

Methods: In the experiment, we used the Drive Aware Task, a task combining the driving context with well-controlled laboratory procedures measuring attention. We compared younger (n = 16, age 21–30) and older (n = 21, age 65–79) drivers on their attentional processing of hazards in driving scenes, indexed by percentage of correct responses and reaction time of hazard detection, as well as sensitivity and response criteria using signal detection analysis.

Results: Older drivers, in general, were less accurate and slower on the task than younger drivers. However, results from this experiment revealed that older, but not younger, drivers adapted their response criteria when the traffic condition changed in the driving scenes. When there was more traffic in the driving scene, older drivers became more liberal in their responses, meaning that they were more likely to report that a driving hazard was detected.

Conclusions: Older drivers adopt compensatory strategies for hazard detection during driving. Our findings showed that, in the driving context, even at an older age our attentional functions are still adaptive according to environmental conditions. This leads to considerations on potential training methods to promote adaptive strategies that may help older drivers maintain performance in road hazard detection.     

Study on the damage statistical strength criterion of backfill with crack under thermo-mechanical coupling

ABSTRACT

Aiming at backfill with crack under the thermo-mechanical (TM) coupling, the concepts of crack macro-damage, loading meso-damage, thermal meso-damage, and total damage of backfill were proposed. Based on the statistical damage theory, considering the coupling effects of temperature, load and initial crack, a damage evolution model of backfill with crack under TM coupling effects was established. Based on this, the strength criterion of backfill with crack considering the effects of thermal and mechanical coupling was constructed by multivariate function full differential method. The research shows that: (1) The theoretical curves of damage evolution model and strength criterion of backfill with crack under TM coupling are in good agreement with the test curves, which verifies the rationality of the model. (2) The initial thermal damage decreases first and then increases with increasing temperature, reaches a minimum value at 40°C, and generally shows a “V” -shaped distribution law. The coupling effect of temperature and crack aggravates the total damage of the backfill. (3) The strength criterion can reflect the relationship between the stress and strain of each limit state and the parameters of backfill with crack under different temperature conditions and can provide a certain reference for the evaluation of the stability of backfill with geological defects such as joints and crack in deep high temperature mines.     

Numerical and experimental investigation of state of health of Li-ion battery

ABSTRACT

Estimation of State of Health (SoH) of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is essential to predict the lifespan of batteries of an electric vehicle (EV). The efficient prediction of battery health indicates to the effective and safe operation of EV. However, delivering an effective and accurate method for the estimation of SoH in the real condition is truly a challenging task. The present study proposed a holistic procedure of combining both experimental and numerical investigations to conduct the fundamental study on coupled mechanical-electrochemical behavior of Li-ion battery. The proposed investigation highlighted the effect of stress on the capacity of the battery, considering capacity fade as an equivalent parameter to its health for real-time estimation of SoH. Finally, a simple model of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is provided, which shows the linear dependency of stress with the SoH. The results obtained from the ANN model are validated with a Linear Regression (LR) model for a better understanding of the inspection. The predicted value of mean Square Error (MSE) and R square error in the ANN training model are found to be 0.000309 and 0.849687, respectively. Whereas for the test model, these predicted values are found to be 0.000438 and 0.819347, respectively.