Incidence of thyroid disease following exposure to polybrominated biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls, Michigan, 1974-2006

Thyroid hormones, which influence body metabolism and development, could be affected by persistent organic pollutants. We sought to examine the relationship between polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and thyroid disease. We employed incidence density sampling to perform a nested case control analysis of the Michigan Long-Term PBB Cohort. Cohort members (n = 3333) were exposed to PBBs through contaminated cattle feed in 1973-1974 and to PCBs through daily life. Those with detectable serum PBB and PCB concentrations at enrollment were categorized into tertiles of PBB and PCB exposure. Case-patients were cohort members answering “Yes” to “Has a healthcare provider ever told you that you had a thyroid problem?” during follow-up interviews; control-patients were cohort members answering “No”. We used odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare odds of thyroid disease by PBB and PCB exposure and by various risk factors. Total cumulative thyroid disease incidence after 33 years was 13.9% among women and 2.6% among men. After adjusting for body mass index, we found no statistically significant differences in odds of any type of thyroid disease among women or men with elevated PBB or PCB exposure. Compared to control-patients, women with thyroid disease had increased odds of being overweight/obese (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.94-4.11) and developing infertility (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.08-2.69), diabetes (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.04-2.51), or arthritis (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.18-2.50) during follow-up. Additional research should explore potential associations between PBBs/PCBs and thyroid disease among children exposed in utero.     

营区雨水集蓄利用效果评价模糊数学模型

本文以研究营区内雨水集蓄利用效果为目的。分析雨水集蓄利用不同方法,通过建立合理模糊数学模型,对各种雨水集蓄利用方法进行权重比较,得出最优结果。并将该模型用在营区雨水集蓄利用效果的评价分析,通过运算结果确定营区内雨水利用效果的优、良、中、差。通过运用模糊数学模型对营区内雨水集蓄利用方法进行分析,综合评价营区内雨水集蓄利用结果为良好。     

不同混凝剂在水厂原水处理中的混凝效果比较

针对水厂原水水质情况,对4种不同混凝剂的污染物去除效果进行了试验对比,研究不同混凝剂用于水厂原水处理的混凝效果．为优化后续工艺提供依据。     

“限塑令”政策实施效应与对策研究

分析了"限塑令"的政策安排、实施效果,以及"限塑令"的实行对塑料袋生产、销售、使用相关各方的影响,讨论了政策执行中存在的政策实施目的偏差、缺乏配套政策、回收利用产业发展缓慢、垃圾袋和替代品不环保等问题,提出了保证"限塑令"政策有效实施的对策建议,即应依照少用、回收、替代、降解的原则对待塑料袋的使用。     

声屏障在化工行业的应用

化工行业噪声源多,声级高,防火、防爆、防腐、防风险等要求特别严格。采用常规噪声控制措施受到许多限制,而采用隔声吸声屏障降噪有一定效果。本文以上海几个化工企业为例,论述了隔声吸声屏障的设计、应用及效果。     

药食保健野菜——苋菜的开发利用

苋菜是一种具有较高利用价值的药食两用蔬菜,对其进行开发利用已成为国内外医疗保健、食品、化工领域的研究热点。介绍了苋菜的识别特征、固有营养价值、保健作用、微量元素与食疗原理,提出了苋菜资源的开发利用方向。     

Lead exposure and biological effects in pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) before and after the closure of a lead mine in northern Sweden

Mining activities affect the surrounding environment by increasing exposure to metals. In this study, metal accumulation and its effects on reproduction and health of pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings were monitored before and up to five years after a lead mine and enrichment plant closed down. The lead concentration in moss, nestling blood, liver and feces all indicated decreased lead exposure by at least 31% after closure, although only blood lead decreased significantly. Although the birds responded fairly well to the changed atmospheric deposition (based on moss samples), concentrations were still higher compared with birds in a reference area, and breeding was affected at the mine (smaller clutches and higher mortality). Surviving nestlings suffered from lower hemoglobin levels, mean cell hemoglobin concentrations and inhibited δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity. Lead poisoning contributed to poor health and adverse reproductive effects, but other factors (e.g. increased parasitic load) probably also affected the birds.     

硝酸盐对富磷剩余污泥厌氧消化的影响试验

以某采用 A/O 生物除磷工艺水质净化厂排出的富磷剩余污泥为研究对象,利用棕色消化瓶设计了 4 组厌氧消化试验,通过向其中投加NaNO3,考察硝酸盐对污泥消化过程的影响.结果表明,硝酸盐的存在导致 VSS 平均变化速率比空白样快 28.09 mg/(L·d),并且对污泥消化过程中的产甲烷阶段有一定的抑制作用;当硝酸盐存在时,厌氧氨氧化作用的发生导致上清液中的 N-NH4 变化速率减慢,硝酸盐对污泥消化过程中磷的释放有明显的抑制作用,当硝酸盐浓度高于 60 mg/L时,抑制作用明显.     

再生污水绿地灌溉生态效应研究进展

水资源短缺已成为制约我国经济及环境发展的重大问题,然而大量的绿地仍然在采用井水或自来水进行灌溉,造成了巨大的浪费,同时也加重了城市的用水危机。开辟城市第二水资源——再生水来灌溉绿地是解决这一矛盾的新途径。但由于再生污水水质的特殊性,使得其在作为一种宝贵肥源的同时,也产生了许多负面的效应。为此,提出了今后需要加强研究的几个问题:(1)加强干旱半干旱地区再生(污)水绿地灌溉可行性的理论和实践研究;(2)筛选出特定区域适合于一定水质标准之下的灌溉的植物种;(3)深入研究不同地区气候、土壤、植物之间的关系,进一步探讨适合于该区域的合理的灌溉技术体系和灌溉方式,并建立合理的评价体系。     

深厚覆盖层防渗墙槽壁稳定影响因素及提高稳定性措施

深厚覆盖层防渗墙工程越来越多,深度也越来越大。由于深厚覆盖层地质条件的复杂性,槽壁稳定受到诸多因素的影响,主要影响因素有:地质条件、泥浆性能、地下水位、槽段划分、施工机械和外荷载影响等。针对这些影响因素提出了提高槽壁稳定性的措施,给出槽壁发生坍塌失稳的处理措施,并指明今后研究的发展方向。通过对槽壁稳定的研究,为解决深厚覆盖层防渗墙槽壁失稳问题提供理论依据和研究方法。