AQUATIC TRANSPORT OF HEAVY METALS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT1

ABSTRACT: A study has been conducted for the past two years on a 4.6 mile stretch of the Saddle River near Lodi, New Jersey. The primary objectives of this study were two fold; initially, the amounts of various heavy metals being contributed to the Saddle River by stormwater runoff, rainfall, and individual tributaries, etc., were investigated to better delineate the distribution of various sources of heavy metals to the aquatic environment. Secondly, a series of benthal deposits from the Saddle River were analyzed to determine the fate of these metals once introduced into the receiving stream. A mass balance analysis of heavy metals in the Saddle River was performed to determine the amount of these materials contributed from unrecorded sources. The results of this study seemed to demonstrate the importance of considering the potential scouring of river sediments as a secondary source of metals in determinations of this type. The distribution of metals in precipitation samples collected in this study was found to be similar to that in runoff, with lead and zinc predominating. Relative concentrations of metals in precipitation as compared to those of stormwater were relatively insignificant. Metal concentrations of bottom sediments were found to vary considerably from sample to sample.     

稻草黄原酸酯法处理含铬废水

以稻草为原料,用金属铬工业生产中氢氧化铬反应工序排出的废液作碱源制成稻黄原酸酯,并用其处理模拟含铬废水和实际含铬废水。考察了废水,ＰＨ,处理剂用量及反应时间对铬脱除率的影响。对铬的脱除机理进行了探讨。含铬废水经处理后,Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的残留浓度可降至０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ以下。     

旋风炉附烧处理后解毒铬渣的安定性研究

着重阐明了铬渣经肇风炉附烧及炉餐水淬处理后生成的玻璃体粒化解毒渣的安定性问题，通过对解毒渣的物相结构，浸溶性和高温稳定性等试验分析，最终判明解毒渣在≤５００℃条件下没有玻璃化倾向，在自然环境中储放和用作建材，都是安定和安全的。     

镀铬生产中铬雾对环境的污染处理

结合生产实际情况,实验研究了镀铬电解液中铬雾抑制剂的选择、用量及添加方式对抑雾效果的影响,有效地防止铬雾的挥发,减少对环境的污染。     

Reclamation treatment of the chrome leather scrap

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｒｏｍｅｌｅａｔｈｅｒｓｃｒａｐｉｓｔｈｅｓｏｌｉｄ ｗａｓｔｅｏｆｌｅａｔｈｅｒｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ .Ｉｔｓｍａｉｎｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ(ｍａｉｎｌｙｃｏｌｌａｇｅｎｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,ｇｌｏｂｕｌｉｎａｎｄａｌｂｕｍｉｎ) ,ｓｏｍｅＣｒｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｂｏｎｄｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,ａｌｉｔｔｌｅｃａｒｂｏｈｙｄｒａｔｅ ,ｆａｔａｎｄｓｏｍｅｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃｓ.Ｔｈｅｃｈｒｏｍｅｌｅａｔｈｅｒｓｃｒａｐｓｔａｃｋｅｄｗｉｌｌｐｕｔｒｉｄｇｒａ…     

电镀含铬废水的处理和利用

论述了电镀含铬废水的处理和以铬污泥为原料制取红帆钠的原理和条件。经处理后的废水Ｃｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｃｒ（总）含量均达到规定的排放标准：产生的铬污泥可用于制取红矾钠，不会产生二次污染。整个流程简单，铬的转化率高，经济效益与社会效益明显。     

钛柱撑膨润土吸附水溶液中微量Cr(VI)研究

针对水中微量Cr(VI)的吸附脱除问题,以河北灵寿县膨润土制备的钛柱撑膨润土为吸附剂,进行了25℃条件下对水溶液中微量C(rVI)脱除的试验,测得了被吸附物浓度、吸附时间,吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响,得出钛柱撑膨润土具有优越的吸附性能。此外还测定了钛柱撑膨润土对C(rVI)吸附的等温线,探讨了C(rVI)的吸附机理,钛柱撑膨润土对C(rVI)的吸附包括表面物理吸附和层间离子化学吸附。     

水中脱铬技术研究进展

简要回顾了国内外废水脱铬技术的研究进展情况,简单介绍了还原沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法、萃取法及超滤法等几种常用的脱铬方法。     

铬(Ⅵ)污染高岭土电动修复实验研究

用电动方法对铬(Ⅵ)污染高岭土的修复进行了实验室研究。选用重铬酸钾作为污染物,配制的高岭土的重铬酸钾质量分数为100mg·kg-1。实验研究了铬(Ⅵ)污染高岭土电动修复的可行性,施加电压和处理时间对去除效率的影响,阴极电解产生的OH-对去除效率的影响及其控制方法,以及铬的迁移和分布规律。实验结果表明,电动修复可以有效去除高岭土中存在的铬(Ⅵ),最高去除效率可达97.8%;高岭中六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]以含氧阴离子形式存在,在电动修复过程中向阳极区域迁移;用蒸馏水冲洗和醋酸中和阴极电解产生的OH-,可以提高铬的去除效率。     

Chromium in intertidal sediments of the Clyde,UK: potential for remobilisation and bioaccumulation

Detailed surveys of intertidal sediments have been performed along the north and south shores of the Inner Clyde estuary, UK. Surface sediment data reveal significant spatial variation in Cr content and an association with major sediment characteristics and location within the estuary. Depth variation for Cr and other heavy metals cannot be explained by variation in major geochemical controls such as grain size and organic matter and highlights the impact of historical contamination on sediment quality. These elevated levels at depth may still have environmental impact through redox-reactivity, in association with iron and manganese. Sequential extraction of sediments and pore water analysis of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) provide detailed information on release potential from the sediments. The implication of Cr mobility for biota in the estuary has been assessed by the analysis of a common marine bivalve, Mytilus edulis (Blue Mussel) and a burrowing polychaete, Nereis diversicolor (rag worm) from a number of survey sites. Bioconcentration factors for Mytilus indicate that the weakly held portion of sediment Cr is available for uptake and in the case of Nereis, bioaccumulation appears to be inhibited by sediment organic matter.