西藏高原农业生态系统氮素循环的数量特征研究

以西藏贡嘎县为研究对象，运用生态学原理，定量估算了西藏高原农业生态系统中氮素循环的数量特征，为该系统的调控与结构优化提供了理论依据。     

Effect of metallic cations on the sorption of pesticides on soil

We studied the adsorption and desorption of two pesticides, namely isoproturon and dimetomorph, onto a model soil sample. We first show that the adsorption of isoproturon depends on pH, from 1 mg g⁻¹ at pH 4 to 2 mg g⁻¹ at pH 10, contrary to the adsorption of dimetomorph (5.8 mg g⁻¹). We also studied the influence of metallic cations, copper(II), iron(III), manganese(II), and chromium(III), on the sorption of isoproturon and dimetomorph. We found that in the case of isoproturon, the presence of metallic cations does influence the retention capacity of the soil sample. The sorption becomes very weak in the presence of copper and chromium, whereas in the case of iron and manganese the sorption properties are slightly modified.     

南京市郊区基本农田保护区土壤重金属污染调查

为调查基本农田保护区土壤环境中重金属污染状况，江苏省农业环境监测站于1999年和2001年分别对南京市郊区基本农田土壤环境质量进行了监测，共计布设监测点14个，监项目为镉，铅，砷，汞，铬和pH，结果表明，1999年土壤样品的重金属检出率为97．1％，超标率为5．7％，2001年重金属检出率为100％，超标率为1．4％，1999年土壤样品中超标的重金属元素是镉，超标率为28．6％，2001年超标元素是汞，超标率为7．1％，1999年土壤综合污染指数为1．08，污染等级及污染水平均属轻污染；2001年土壤综合污染指数为0．76，污染等级为警戒线，污染水平达到尚清洁。     

甘肃省土壤环境机械组成调查研究

通过对甘肃省土壤环境机械组成的调查研究，较全面、系统地获得了各种元素、土类以及各区域的土壤环境机械组成，找出了本省土壤环境机械组成特征及其分布规律。     

低山丘陵区铁路建设工程弃渣场水土保持措施设计

弃渣场作为铁路建设项目水土流失最为严重的部分,其防护应提到首要位置。针对低山丘陵区铁路建设涉及的凹地型、坡地型、沟道型弃渣场,从弃渣场选址原则、不同类型的弃渣场比较、防护措施设计进行分析和阐述,构建完整的水土流失防治体系,为同类型铁路建设项目弃渣场防护措施设计提供参考。     

Assessing the bioremediation potential of arsenic tolerant bacterial strains in rice rhizosphere interface

The arsenic tolerant bacterial strains Staphylococcus arlettae(NBRIEAG-6), Staphylococcus sp.(NBRIEAG-8) and Brevibacillus sp.(NBRIEAG-9) were tested for their roles in enhancing plant growth and induction of stress-related enzymes in rice(Oryza sativa L. cv. NDR-359) plants at two different concentrations, 30 and 15 mg/kg of As(V) and As(III), respectively. An experiment was conducted to test the effect of these strains on plant growth promotion and arsenic uptake. We found 30%–40% reduction in total As uptake in bacteria-inoculated plants, with increased plant growth parameters compared to non-inoculated plants. Moreover, the bacteria-inoculated plants showed reduced activity of total glutathione(GSH) and glutathione reductase(GR) compared to their respective controls, which suggests the bacteria-mediated reduction of oxidative stress in plants. Thus, these strains were found to be beneficial in terms of the biochemical and physiological status of the plants under arsenic stress conditions.Furthermore, one-way ANOVA and principal component analysis(PCA) on enzymatic and non-enzymatic assays also revealed clear variations. The results support the distinction between control and treatments in both shoots and roots. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential of rhizobacteria in alleviating arsenic stress in rice plants.     

我国农用地土壤环境基准与标准制定研究

在分析我国现行土壤环境质量标准不足的基础上,综述了国外制定农用地土壤环境筛选值的现状,在此基础上提出我国农用地土壤环境基准制定方法学的建议以及我国农用地土壤环境标准体系的框架建议,服务于我国农用地土壤的污染预防、风险筛选和污染农用地的安全利用、修复和风险管控。     

海口市蔬菜土壤重金属含量特征研究

采用野外调查法结合实验室分析法对海口市郊区蔬菜土壤重金属含量特征进行研究,测定了Cr、As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、和Hg 8种重金属全量、有效态含量及蔬菜土壤pH值和有机质含量,重金属全量与有效态含量间的相关性及土壤pH值,有机质含量与蔬菜土壤中重金属全量间的相关性。结果表明,海口市蔬菜土壤中各种重金属均表现出一定的累积趋势;8种重金属元素有效态含量与全量呈正相关,重金属有效态占全量比例在1.86%~13.47%之间,其中Cd、Pb和Hg较高,分别为13.47%、10.23%和8.42%,三者表现出较大的潜在污染风险;土壤p H值和有机质含量与重金属全量表现出一定的相关性,相关性大小与重金属种类有关;重金属全量并不能全面正确评价土壤的环境效应,对蔬菜土壤重金属污染程度进行评价时,应把重金属全量、有效态含量与土壤基本理化性质结合起来进行研究。     

Hidden values in bauxite residue (red mud): Recovery of metals

Bauxite residue (red mud) is a hazardous waste generated from alumina refining industries. Unless managed properly, red mud poses significant risks to the local environment due to its extreme alkalinity and its potential impacts on surface and ground water quality. The ever-increasing generation of red mud poses significant challenges to the aluminium industries from management perspectives given the low proportion that are currently being utilized beneficially. Red mud, in most cases, contains elevated concentrations of iron in addition to aluminium, titanium, sodium and valuable rare earth elements. Given the scarcity of iron supply globally, the iron content of red mud has attracted increasing research interest. This paper presents a critical overview of the current techniques employed for iron recovery from red mud. Information on the recovery of other valuable metals is also reviewed to provide an insight into the full potential usage of red mud as an economic resource rather than a waste. Traditional hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy are being investigated continuously. However, in this review several new techniques are introduced that consider the process of iron recovery from red mud. An integrated process which can achieve multiple additional values from red mud is much preferred over the single process methods. The information provided here should help to improve the future management and utilization of red mud.     

Assessing the global zoo response to the amphibian crisis through 20‐year trends in captive collections

Global amphibian declines are one of the biggest challenges currently facing the conservation community, and captive breeding is one way to address this crisis. Using information from the International Species Information System zoo network, we examined trends in global zoo amphibian holdings across species, zoo region, and species geographical region of origin from 1994 to 2014. These trends were compared before and after the 2004 Global Amphibian Assessment to assess whether any changes occurred and whether zoo amphibian conservation effort had increased. The numbers of globally threatened species (GTS) and their proportional representation in global zoo holdings increased and this rate of increase was significantly greater after 2004. North American, European, and Oceanian GTS were best represented in zoos globally, and proportions of Oceanian GTS held increased the most since 2004. South American and Asian GTS had the lowest proportional representation in zoos. At a regional zoo level, European zoos held the lowest proportions of GTS, and this proportion did not increase after 2004. Since 1994, the number of species held in viable populations has increased, and these species are distributed among more institutions. However, as of 2014, zoos held 6.2% of globally threatened amphibians, a much smaller figure than for other vertebrate groups and one that falls considerably short of the number of species for which ex situ management may be desirable. Although the increased effort zoos have put into amphibian conservation over the past 20 years is encouraging, more focus is needed on ex situ conservation priority species. This includes building expertise and capacity in countries that hold them and tracking existing conservation efforts if the evidence‐based approach to amphibian conservation planning at a global level is to be further developed.