Complete karyotype discrepancy between placental and fetal cells in a case of ring chromosome 18

A case of complete karyotype discrepancy between cultured chorionic villi and amniotic in addition to fetal cells is reported. Ring chromosome 18 and monosomy 18 mosaicism was detected after amniocentesis. The pregnancy was terminated in the 23rd gestational week. Cytogenetic analysis of cultured umbilical cord tissue after termination confirmed the finding of ring chromosome 18/monosomy 18 mosaicism. In cultured umbilical blood lymphocytes monosomic cells 45,-18 were not detected and the karyotype was 46,XY,r(18). In contrast, short-term and long-term cultured chorionic villi showed a normal male karyotype of 46,XY. Ultrasonographic examination revealed amniotic band syndrome and scoliosis in the caudal region of the spine. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

职业病危害因素个体采样中随机数字表的应用

为保证工作场所职业病有害因素测定结果的代表性和可信性,正确选择个体采样中的采样对象和样本数量是非常关键的一步。依据《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》,举例说明使用随机数字表进行选取采样对象、数量及随机确定采样对象的基本步骤方法。     

PM2.5在线水溶性离子与滤膜采集-实验室检测的比对分析

2014年1~12月,使用URG在线及滤膜采集-实验室分析两种方法对北京市大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)中的水溶性离子进行检测,并对春、夏、秋、冬这4种不同季节下两种测量方法的差异性进行了比对研究.全年测量结果显示,在线URG所获离子总量高于滤膜采集所获离子总量,其中两种方法所测Cl~-、NO_3~-、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)年均浓度差异不大,而在线所测SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+、Na~+、K~+结果均明显高于滤膜测试结果.4种主要的水溶性离子中SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和Cl~-的相关性较好,NH_4~+相关性略差;不同季节两种测量方法所获结果也略有不同,NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Cl-在秋、冬季差异不显著,而NH_4~+仅在冬季拟合性较好.     

基于被动采样技术的垃圾焚烧厂及周边大气中PAHs分布研究

垃圾焚烧是大气PAHs污染的重要来源,为监测垃圾焚烧过程产生的PAHs,利用被动采样技术对垃圾焚烧厂及周边大气中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了定量分析.结果表明,PAHs总量为146.29～396.30 ng·d-1,其中气相中PAHs为128.03～377.05 ng·d-1,颗粒相中PAHs为10.698～19.251 ng·d-1.气相中PAHs组成以菲、荧蒽、芴等低环化合物为主,菲的含量高达55.1%.选定松针作为被动植物样品,测得松针中PAHs的浓度为651.88～1 044.43 ng·g-1;考察土壤中PAHs的分布特征,测得土壤中PAHs浓度为35.04～998.89 ng·g-1.被动采样和松针、土壤中所含的PAHs分布特征相似,说明被动采样能反映PAHs在环境中的真实积累情况.此外,通过比较主动采样与被动采样结果,表明两者对大气中PAHs的富集能达到基本一致的效果.     

非甲烷总烃监测分析研究

2015年《中国环境状况公报》显示,大部分城市臭氧作为首要污染物的天数有增加趋势.而大气中的VOCs是产生臭氧最重要的前体物,同时也能对PM2.5产生影响,成为监测和控制的重点,被纳入总量控制体系.上海、广州、西安等地方已采用非甲烷总烃作为VOCs的评价指标.结合环境监测分析工作的实际情况,探讨了非甲烷总烃的样品采集、进样方式、样品色谱柱,结果表明:与注射器采样相比,气袋气密性和化学惰性好,保存样品时间长;采用一次进样,双色谱柱GDX502/104、玻璃微球同时分离样品,双FID同时检测,节约时间,避免误差,更加快速、准确.     

不同溶剂对活性炭采集氯苯类化合物解吸效能研究

通过在活性炭吸附采样管中定量加入氯苯类化合物标准样品,于大气采样器上模拟采样后测定各组分回收率的方法,研究了实验室常用有机试剂二硫化碳、甲醇、正己烷、苯、乙腈、丙酮等,对活性炭采集大气中氯苯类化合物的解吸性能.实验结果表明,二硫化碳溶剂对氯苯类化合物各组分具有较为高效、稳定的解吸效能,是日常环境监测实践中使用活性炭吸附-气相色谱法测定环境空气和污染源有组织排放废气中氯苯类化合物的较为理想解吸溶剂.     

异味污染评价与治理研究进展

本文对国内外异味污染评价技术,包括异味污染评价指标、采样技术和测定方法、异味污染预测模型以及异味间相互作用进行了综述,同时对异味污染治理技术进行了简要介绍.     

A functional perspective on the analysis of land use and land cover data in ecology

Assessments of large-scale changes in habitat are a priority for management and conservation. Traditional approaches use land use and land cover data (LULC) that focus mostly on “structural” properties of landscapes, rather than “functional” properties related to specific ecological processes. Here, we contend that designing functional analyses of LULC can provide important and complementary information to traditional, structural analyses. We substantiate this perspective with an example of functional changes in habitat due to industrial anthropogenic footprints in Alberta’s boreal forest, where there has been little overall forest loss (~ 6% structural change), but high levels of functional change (up to 93% functional change) for species’ habitat, biodiversity, and wildfire ignition. We discuss the methods needed to achieve functional LULC analyses, when they are most appropriate to add to structural assessments, and conclude by providing recommendations for analyses of LULC in a future of increasingly high-resolution, dynamic remote sensing data.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01434-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

一种焚烧尾气中多氯联苯（PCBs）的采样方法

本文研究了一种焚烧尾气中多氯联苯（ＰＣＢＳ）的采样方法；该方法采用了国际上最先进的固体吸附材料ＸＡＤ－２作为吸附剂，较好地解决了以往方法吸附效率低，有关数据在国际上没有可比性等问题，该方法还可用于焚烧尾气中其它高沸点有机物的采样．