聚合氯化铝和改性聚合氯化铝中铝形态分布研究

利用Al-Ferron络合比色法研究实验室合成的聚合氯化铝和改性聚合氯化铝的铝形态分布,并对其合成工艺进行改进.聚合氯化铝合成条件为铝离子初始浓度为1 mol/L,物料比11,反应温度为60℃,熟化温度为60℃～65℃.合成改性聚合氯化铝适宜条件是Al/Si在0.7～1之间,聚硅酸聚合时间为90 min,模数为2的水玻璃.     

CPC在膨润土处理含p-硝基苯酚废水中的增强效应

选用氯代十六烷基吡啶(CPC)和p-硝基苯酚为目标化合物,试验比较了CPC 膨润土直接混合体系和CPC改性有机膨润土对含p-硝基苯酚废水的吸附效果.结果表明,与CPC改性土相比,用相应浓度的CPC 膨润土混合直接处理含p-硝基苯酚废水更为有效,可使p-硝基苯酚的去除率提高2倍以上(45%~98%),并可以节约处理成本且基本不增加表面活性剂二次污染.最经济适宜的CPC投加量与膨润土阳离子交换容量(CEC)相当.     

羟基聚合氯化铝铁溶液的形态分布特征

采用改进的Ａｌ＝Ｆｅ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法定量研究了ＨＰＡＦＣ的形态分布，结合酸解聚实验和酸反一实验结果，综述了其形态分布特征，在碱化度Ｂ为１．０～２．０内，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ＝９：１时，单体和二聚体（Ａｌ＋Ｆｅ）达２０％～６０％，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ＝５：５时达３０％～５０％，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ＝９：１时，中间多在络合物（Ａｌ／ｎＦｅ＝５：５时达５％～２０％，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ＝９：１时，溶胶（Ａｌ＋Ｆｅ）     

1.2.4-酸系列产品废水的治理方法研究

经实验室对某染料厂排放的１．２．４—酸工业废水进行处理的结果表明，混合废水经过两级混凝沉淀处理，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率可达６２．５％，色度去除率可达８０％，再经过滤及活性炭吸附，最终出水的各项水质指标均可达到国家二级排放标准。     

固定化聚铝的制备及在纸品加工废水处理中的应用

经水解尿素均匀沉淀 灼烧 ,在素瓷表面制备可能有共价结合的铝胶膜 ;铝胶薄膜载体与经复分解反应制得的氯化铝悬浊液共熟化 ,在其表面生成聚铝 ,经烧结进一步固化而制得固定化聚铝絮凝剂。经三级固定化絮凝剂床处理 ,纸品加工废水的COD、BOD、悬浮物、硫化物、色度等指标可分别降低 93 %、77%、97%、94%、80 %。     

Town-scale microbial sewer community and H2S emissions response to common chemical and biological dosing treatments

Controlling hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) odors and emissions using a single, effective treatment across a town-scale sewer network is a challenge faced by many water utilities. Implementation of a sewer diversion provided the opportunity to compare the effectiveness of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) and two biological dosing compounds (Bioproducts A and B), with different modes of action (MOA), in a field-test across a large sewer network. Mg(OH)₂ increases sewer pH allowing suppression of H₂S release into the sewer environment while Bioproduct A acts to disrupt microbial communication through quorum sensing (QS), reducing biofilm integrity. Bioproduct B reduces H₂S odors by scouring the sewer of fats, oils and grease (FOGs), which provide adhesion points for the microbial biofilm. Results revealed that only Mg(OH)₂ altered the microbial community structure and reduced H₂S emissions in a live sewer system, whilst Bioproducts A and B did not reduce H₂S emissions or have an observable effect on the composition of the microbial community at the dosed site. Study results recommend in situ testing of dosing treatments before implementation across an operational system.     

杂散电流下新型阻锈剂对混凝土中氯离子扩散的影响

目的探寻混凝土在杂散电流和氯离子耦合作用下的腐蚀规律,研究新型阻锈剂的阻锈性能。方法运用电通量法和RCM法,对20 V杂散电流作用下,混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能进行表征,设置空白组对照实验,对添加阻锈剂后,混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能进行效果评价。结果在杂散电流和氯离子的共同作用下,混凝土结构腐蚀的倾向将变大,并且会加速腐蚀反应的进行。混凝土结构在通电48 h后,其电通量高达5778.67 C。与空白组相比,添加阻锈剂混凝土试块的氯离子扩散系数下降45.62%。结论添加4%阻锈剂的混凝土试块有着较好的抵抗氯离子渗透的能力。     

湿法炼锌高盐废水的综合回收实验研究

采用“预处理除杂—蒸发—盐分离结晶”技术对锌烟尘处理厂产出的高盐废水进行了探索实验研究.结果表明：采用该技术处理锌冶炼高盐废水,分别得到合格生产用水、无水硫酸钠和氯化钠,高盐废水实现了资源化回收利用.中和后的浓盐水加热到95~100℃进行高温蒸发浓缩,分离得到结晶盐无水硫酸钠,含量为98.79%,达到Ⅱ类优等品质量标准;蒸发得到的冷凝水电导率≤48μS/cm,水质达到生产用水标准.高温蒸发后期,氯化钠富集在少量的残余液中,保持60℃低温蒸发,分离得到结晶盐氯化钠,其中氯化钠含量为93.82%.     

Effect of ignition position on vented hydrogen–air deflagration in a 1 m3 vessel

This study investigates the effect of the ignition position on vented hydrogen-air deflagration in a 1 m³ vessel and evaluates the performance of the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLACS in simulating the vented explosion of hydrogen-air mixtures. First, the differences in the measured pressure-time histories for various ignition locations are presented, and the mechanisms responsible for the generation of different pressure peaks are explained, along with the flame behavior. Secondly, the CFD software FLACS is assessed against the experimental data. The characteristic phenomena of vented explosion are observed for hydrogen-air mixtures ignited at different ignition positions, such as Helmholtz oscillation for front ignition, the interaction between external explosion and combustion inside the vessel for central ignition, and the wall effect for back-wall ignition. Flame-acoustic interaction are observed in all cases, particularly in those of front ignition and very lean hydrogen-air mixtures. The predicted flame behavior agree well with the experimental data in general while the simulated maximum overpressures are larger than the experimental values by a factor of 1.5–2, which is conservative then would lead to a safe design of explosion panels for instance. Not only the flame development during the deflagration was well-simulated for the different ignition locations, but also the correspondence between the pressure transients and flame behavior was also accurately calculated. The comparison of the predicted results with the experimental data shows the performance of FLACS to model vented mixtures of hydrogen with air ignited in a lab scale vessel. However, the experimental scale is often smaller than that used in practical scenarios, such as hydrogen refueling installations. Thus, future large-scale experiments are necessary to assess the performance of FLACS in practical use.     

城市污水厂污泥催化热水解制备聚合氯化铝铁

采用催化热水解分离城市污水厂污泥中的有机物和无机物,并将无机物制备成了聚合氯化铝铁。研究结果表明:在盐酸质量浓度为20%,反应时间为2 h,反应温度为90℃,固液比1∶3条件下,制备的液体聚合氯化铝铁的Al_2O_3含量为9.34%,Fe_2O_3含量为2.11%,盐基度为47.8%;制备的产品在城市污水处理中取得了较好处理效果。同时采用红外光谱(IR)技术对制备的聚合氯化铝铁的聚合形态进行表征。