高铁铝矾土制备聚合氯化铝铁及其在污水处理中的应用研究

利用含铁的低品位铝矾土为主要原料,添加适量铝酸钙粉,制备出絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁.制备方法为酸溶两步法.对影响聚合铝铁制备的因素,如盐酸浓度、盐酸用量、温度和铝酸钙粉用量等进行了系统研究,得到了制备聚合铝铁的优化条件,同时将该絮凝剂用于实际工业污水的处理.研究结果表明:制备的絮凝剂絮凝效果明显优于一些传统的絮凝剂;不仅具有去浊性能好、沉降快的优点,而且具有原料易得,制备成本低的优势.     

用钛白废酸制备氯化铁和硫酸

采用溶剂萃取与蒸发浓缩相结合的方法综合利用钛白废酸。实验结果表明:向钛白废酸中加入一定量的盐酸,用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)萃取Fe3 ,得到萃合物为HFeCl4.2TBP;在萃取相比(有机相与水相的体积比)与反萃取相比(水相与有机相的体积比)均为1的条件下,用2.53mol/L的TBP对c(Fe3 )=1.023mol/L、c(HCl)=4.53mol/L的试样进行连续5级逆流萃取与反萃取后,得到纯度高达99.88%、总产率达99.4%的氯化铁;萃余液经一次性蒸发浓缩,可得到质量分数80%以上的硫酸。     

羟基聚合氯化铝铁溶液的形态转化规律

采用改进的 Al-Fe-Ferron逐时络合比色法和酸滴定实验研究了典型羟基聚合铝铁(n_Al/n_Fe=9∶1,5∶5)溶液的形态转化 .结果表明 ,羟基聚合铝铁的形态转化主要由 n_Al/n_Fe值、碱化度和熟化等因素决定 ;羟基聚合铝铁的形态转化特征是优势形态之间的转变 ;当n_Al/n_Fe>5∶5,随碱化度的升高 ,[Al+Fe]_a和 [Al+Fe]_b 2类形态逐渐占优势 ;随n_Al/n_Fe值的减小 ,[Al+Fe]_a和 [Al+Fe]_c增加 ,而 [Al+Fe]_b 减少 .讨论了羟基聚合铝铁的形态转化规律 .     

硫酸亚铁的综合利用

以工业废弃物硫酸亚铁为原料,加入碳酸氢铵和氯化钾,通过一系列化学反应和过滤、蒸发、煅烧等步骤,可制得硫酸钾、氯化铵、氧化铁红和液态二氧化碳.原料中各主要成分的利用率均达94%以上.     

三甲基氯化锡对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)生理生化特性的影响

为初步探讨三甲基氯化锡(trimethyltin chloride,TMT)对鱼类的毒性效应以及评价环境中TMT的安全性,采用静态鱼类急性毒性试验法测定了TMT对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)生理生化指标的影响;参考TMT的96 h-LC50值,设定3个浓度(0.39、0.78和1.17 mg·L-1)处理斑马鱼,测...     

倒极电解法合成聚合氯化铝絮凝剂

为减少电解制备絮凝剂过程中的极化现象,用特制的自动倒极电源装置合成聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝剂。确定了合成的最佳工艺条件：电解槽电压2V;电流密度6A／dm2;倒极周期1s。与不采用倒极装置相比,在最佳条件下合成PAC时,该装置可明显抑制极化现象。处理模拟水样试验表明,该法制备产品的絮凝效果优于一般电解法制备产品及市售产品的絮凝效果。     

GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE CORTARO AREA NORTHWEST OF TUCSON,ARIZONA1

ABSTRACT The Cortaro Area is currently the depository for much of the liquid waste from the City of Tucson. In the past, more than one-half of the sewage effluent was used for crop irrigation. However, since 1970 virtually all of the sewage effluent has been percolated in the normally dry Santa Cruz River channel. Nitrate and chloride contents were monitored monthly in water samples from about 20 large-capacity irrigation wells. Contents and seasonal trends for these constituents were closely related to the disposal of sewage effluent. Water quality problems other than nitrate include total dissolved solids, boron, coliform, and lead. High lead contents in the area appear to be a natural phenomenon and the coliform contents are likely related to poor well construction. The other quality problems are primarily due to sewage effluent.     

A CHLORIDE BUDGET FOR THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER,HEADWATERS TO MOUTH1

ABSTRACT Mass budgets for chloride were estimated from 1975-1978 for the Mississippi River from headwaters to near the mouth to determine the magnitudes of natural and anthropogenic sources. Annual chloride input from precipitation ranged from about 200 kg mi^-2yr^-1 at Royalton, Minnesota, to about 350 kg mi^-2yr^-1 at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Mass export ranged from about 900 kg mi^-2yr^-1 at Royalton to about 8000 kg mi^-2yr^-1 at Vicksburg. As much as 80 percent of the residual, the difference between input and export, probably is contributed by anthropogenic sources. In particular, semi-logarithmic scatterplots of monthly total discharge against chloride concentration show that, during early spring, chloride elevations in the Mississippi River and Ohio River are elevated, possibly because of flushing of road salt and leaching of chloride from the accumulated snowpack.     

GROUND WATER SEEPAGE IN LAKE WASHINGTON AND THE UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN,FLORIDA1

Direct ground water seepage measurements were made in Lake Washington, Florida, to determine the importance of seepage as a water and chloride source to the lake and upper St. Johns River. Over 200 seepage measurements were made in the lake and adjoining canals from July through December 1978. Results indicated that seepage into the shore areas of Lake Washington was an insignificant water source to the lake, representing 0.6 percent of the inputs, and was nearly balanced by ground water recharge in the midlake region. Drainage canals entering Lake Washington, however, exhibited high average seepage rates (17.7 L/m²-day), over eight times the lake average (2.01 L/M²-day). Discharge from the St. Johns River was the dominant factor in the water budget of Lake Washington and represented approximately 88 percent of the inputs during the study year. Although inputs from the drainage canals represented only 6.6 percent of the St. Johns River annual discharge, these canals represented 20.4 percent of the annual St. Johns River chloride loading and 62.1 percent of the river chloride loading during the five driest months of 1978. Evidence from this study indicates that rising levels of chloride in the river in recent years are largely attributable to ground water seepage in channelized areas, particularly in the headwaters. These chloride inputs assume greater importance during low water/low flow periods.     

Release kinetics of vanadium from vanadium titano-magnetite: The effects of pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature andforeign ions

As part of a broader study of the environmental geochemistry behavior of vanadium(V), the release kinetics of V from the dissolution of natural vanadium titano-magnetite under environmentally relevant conditions was investigated. In both the acidic and basic domains, the V release rate was found to be proportional to fractional powers of hydrogen ion and dissolved oxygen activities. The dependence of the rate on dissolved oxygen can also be described in terms of the Langmuir adsorption model. The empirical rate equation is given by: r= k′α(H~+)~α(Kα(O_2))/(1+Kα(O_2)) where, α = 0.099–0.265, k′ = 3.2 × 10~(-6)–1.7 × 10~(-5), K =2.7 × 10~4–3.9 × 10~4 mol/L in acid solution(pH 4.1), and α =-0.494-(-0.527), k′ = 2.0 × 10~4–2.5 × 10~(-11), and K = 4.1 × 10~3–6.5 × 10~3 mol/L in basic solution(pH 8.8) at 20°C. Based on the effect of temperature on the release rate of V, the activation energies of minerals at p H 8.8 were determined to be 148–235 k J/mol, suggesting that the dissolution of vanadium titano-magnetite is a surface-controlled process. The presence of Na~+, Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), K~+, NO_3~-, Cl~-, SO_4~(2-)and CO_3~(2-)was found to accelerate the V release rates. This study improves the understanding of both the V pollution risk in some mine areas and the fate of V in the environment.