腐蚀性气体硫化氢测定方法的探讨

腐蚀性气体硫化氢的测定方法最常见的是亚甲基蓝分光光度法和碘量法,这两种测定方法都受到众多因素的影响。对于亚甲基蓝分光光度法而言,采样,标准曲线的绘制,以及样品的分析等过程都会影响硫化氢测定结果的可靠性;同样,对于碘量法,采样,硫代硫酸钠标准溶液的配制,以及样品的分析等过程也都会对测定结果造成影响。     

分光光度法与离子色谱法测定空气中氯化氢的对比研究

通过对硫氰酸汞分光光度法和离子色谱法测定空气中氯化氢含量的对比发现,两种方法对实验室质控样和实际样品的分析测定均能达到要求,且F检验法分析表明实测结果没有显著性差异。然而,硫氰酸汞分光光度法的测试过程操作繁琐,误差较大,稳定时间较长,且硫氰酸汞具有剧毒,危害操作人员的健康,残液也难以处理。离子色谱法分析操作简单,过程安全可靠,能够有效降低样品受污染的可能性并保证分析质量。     

Unexpected difference in phenol sorption on PTMA- and BTMA-bentonite

The comparison of phenol sorption on phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA)- and benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA)-bentonite shows a clear difference as far as phenol sorption isotherms are concerned. For PTMA-bentonite the sorption isotherm is of a straight-line character which results from simple partitioning of phenol between the aqueous and organic phases sorbed on the bentonite surface. For BTMA-bentonite the isotherm has a convex shape, characteristic of physicochemical sorption.For the first time a three-parametric model, including the dissociation constant of phenol pK_a, distribution constant of phenol Kd_phen and phenolate anion Kd_phen⁻ between the aqueous phase and the bentonite phases is used for the evaluation of phenol sorption on organoclays with pH change. The model shows that the values of Kd_phen are higher than those of Kd_phen⁻ for all investigated initial phenol concentrations.The inspection of the FTIR spectrum of BTMA-bentonite loaded with phenol in the regions 1300–1600 and 1620–1680 cm⁻¹ shows the features of π–π electron interaction between the benzene rings of phenol and the BTMA cation together with the phenol–water hydrogen bond strengthened by this interaction.     

金属硫化矿的微生物脱硫可行性分析

矿石的高含硫足导致高硫矿自燃的内因,利用微生物浸矿技术脱除硫化矿表面的硫,把矿石表面禽硫量降至自燃临界值以下,来避免高硫矿矿井内因火灾的发生。本文通过对微生物脱除煤炭中硫及硫铁矿烧淹中硫的对比分析,结果表明,利用微生物脱硫技术进行金属硫化矿的内因火灾防治具有可行性。     

硫化矿石自燃过程吸附氧研究

本文主要对硫化矿石动态物理吸附氧、化学吸附氧及化学氧化反应过程进行了分析。利用程序升温氧化（TPO）实验方法,测试了不同种类的硫化矿石矿样在不同吸附时间、不同环境温度下氧化的总吸氧量,并对硫化矿石自燃过程动态吸附氧与其自燃倾向性之间的关系进行了探讨。实验表明：硫化矿石自燃过程吸附氧是一动态发展过程,随着温度的上升矿样吸附氧的量呈上升趋势,但这种趋势不是完全线性的,即当矿样温度加热到其自热起始温度以上时,加快了矿体的升温,矿样的吸氧量先有一上升的趋势,而后继续降低。     

含硫气井应急管理模式初探

含硫气井井喷事故对公众安全具有重大危害,加强含硫气井应急管理,对坚持以人为本,保护人民群众生命健康安全具有重要意义。针对含硫气井重大事故风险特点,提出了以保障公众安全为主旨,以风险分级防控为方法,以企地联合应急为机制,以专业应急救援为保障的含硫气井应急管理模式,结合风险管理理论,分析提出了风险管理、协同应急机制、应急资源保障等方面的具体对策措施。     

硫化矿石自燃倾向性鉴定技术研究

根据硫化矿石自燃过程的复杂性,通过程序升温氧化（TPO）实验对硫化矿石吸附性能进行研究,提出了硫化矿石程序升温氧化（TPO）吸氧鉴定的方法,测试矿样温度从30℃到1000％条件下的总吸氧量和自热起始温度作为硫化矿石自燃倾向性鉴定指标,并对其进行分类;提出了基于支持向量机的硫化矿石自燃倾向性预测方法,通过预测建模最终达到了预期数据与实际数据的最佳拟合。     

海水中可溶性硫化物的快速分光光度法测定

在Zn(CH3COO)2和NaOH溶液固定硫化物和硼砂缓冲液加强沉淀效果的基础上,提出用离心法将硫化物从溶液中分离出来,采用亚甲基蓝法测定水样中硫化物浓度的方法.该方法具有速度快,操作简单,准确度和回收率高的特点,用于浑浊海水中硫离子测定,收到满意效果.     

Temperature dependence of the absolute rate constant for the reaction of ozone with dimethyl sulfide

Absolute rate constants for the reaction of ozone with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) were measured in a 200-L Teflon chamber over the temperature range of 283-353 K. Measurements were carried out using DMS in large excess over ozone of 10 to 1 or greater. Over the indicated temperature range,the data could be fit to the simple Arrhenius expression as KDMS = (9.96±3.61)×10-11exp(-(7309.7±1098.2)/T)cm3/(molecule·s). A compared investigation of the reaction between ozone and ethene had a kc2H4 value of(1.35±0.11)×10-18 cm3/(molecule·s) at room temperature.     

Detailed and reduced chemistry for hydrogen autoignition

Reaction-rate parameters are given for the detailed chemistry of gas-phase hydrogen combustion, involving 21 reversible elementary steps. It is indicated that, when attention is restricted to specific combustion processes and particular conditions of interest, fewer elementary steps are needed. In particular, for calculating autoignition times over a wide range of pressures for temperatures between about 1000 and 2000 K, five irreversible elementary steps suffice, yielding a remarkable reduction in complexity. It is explained that, from a mathematical viewpoint, in terms of global reaction-kinetic mechanisms, the hydrogen–oxygen system in principle comprises only six overall steps. Rational reduced chemical mechanisms for hydrogen combustion therefore necessarily must have fewer than six overall steps. For autoignition over the range of conditions specified above, ignition times can be determined accurately by considering, in addition to an elementary initiation step and an elementary termination step, at most three overall steps for reaction intermediaries, which reduce to two for very fuel-lean conditions and to one for stoichiometric or fuel-rich conditions. The resulting reductions can simplify computations that need to be performed in risk analyses for hydrogen storage and utilization.