低温等离子体治理H2S污染的实验研究

低温等离子体技术是一种高效、快速的污染消除技术,国内外都在对其进行广泛而深入的研究.采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体对空气中的硫化氢进行降解研究,探索了、脉冲峰压、脉冲频率、气体流量以及气体初始浓度对净化效果的影响,气体浓度由气相色谱仪测定.结果表明,脉冲电晕放电可以有效消除硫化氢污染,净化率随脉冲峰压和脉冲频率的增加而提高,随气体初始浓度和流量的增加而下降,且在初始浓度360 mg/m3、流量1200 mL/min、脉冲峰压30 kV、脉冲频率80 Hz的条件下,处理后的气体中已检测不到H2S,根据色谱检测限(0.29 mg/m3)计算出的净化率≥99.92%.采用离子色谱对产物进行了定性分析,发现H2S经放电处理后主要产物为SO2和SO3.     

几种金属离子液相催化氧化低浓度H2S实验研究

用液相催化氧化法对低浓度H2S净化进行实验研究.实验结果表明,对H2S浓度在1500-2500mg/m3之间,氧含量为5%的H2S尾气,Fe+、Zn2+和Mn2+在液相中对H2S具有催化氧化作用,其催化性能大小顺序为Fe2+＞Zn2+＞Mn2+,且Fe2+催化性能远远大于其他两种离子;用Fe2+作催化剂,溶液的净化效率可达99%以上,且硫容量也较大,对低浓度H2S的净化相当有利.     

Biological elimination of H2S and NH3 from wastegases by biofilter packed with immobilized heterotrophic bacteria

Biotreatment of various ratios of H₂S and NH₃ gas mixtures was studied using the biofilters, packed with co-immobilized cells (Arthrobacter oxydans CH8 for NH₃ and Pseudomonas putida CH11 for H₂S). Extensive tests to determine removal characteristics, removal efficiency, removal kinetics, and pressure drops of the biofilters were performed. To estimate the largest allowable inlet concentration, a prediction model was also employed. Greater than 95% and 90% removal efficiencies were observed for NH₃ and H₂S, respectively, irrespective of the ratios of H₂S and NH₃ gas mixtures. The results showed that H₂S removal of the biofilter was significantly affected by high inlet concentrations of H₂S and NH₃. As high H₂S concentration was an inhibitory substrate for the growth of heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, the activity of H₂S oxidation was thus inhibited. In the case of high NH₃ concentration, the poor H₂S removal efficiency might be attributed to the acidification of the biofilter. The phenomenon was caused by acidic metabolite accumulation of NH₃. Through kinetic analysis, the presence of NH₃ did not hinder the NH₃ removal, but a high H₂S concentration would result in low removal efficiency. Conversely, H₂S of adequate concentrations would favor the removal of incoming NH₃. The results also indicated that maximum inlet concentrations (model-estimated) agreed well with the experimental values for space velocities of 50–150 h⁻¹. Hence, the results would be used as the guideline for the design and operation of biofilters.     

Sulfide oxidation in coal-mine dumps: Laboratory measurement of acidifying potential with H2O2 and its application to characterize spoil materials

A method for rapidly determining potential H⁺ production by sulfide oxidation with H₂O₂ in mine-spoil materials has been tested. Measuring pH 6 h after the addition of the H₂O₂ in a 1:20 sample-solution (w/v) ratio, seems to be an adequate period for most of the samples. The method was applied to spoil samples, being recommended as a measure of the potential of a material to acidify the environment, in the first steps of characterization of the tailing's materials. The same procedure after grinding can also indicate the inherent ability to neutralize the acidity. This will allow the selection of the most suitable materials to be mixed in the spoil with the sulfide-rich ones, facilitating the later field work.     

控制污水中硫化氢的生成──减轻大气污染和设备腐蚀

石油和石化企业所排放的含硫污水给水环境带来的污染是众所周知的，但它对大气环境的间接污染却常被人们忽视。而含硫污水中逸出的硫化氢是引起恶臭的主要原因之一，与水共存时又会对金属设备造成严重腐蚀，因此，控制污水中硫化氢的生成可有效地减轻污水所带来的大气污染和腐蚀现象。     

硫化物对城市污泥中重金属的形态分布与生物有效性影响

以合肥市某污水处理厂污泥为研究对象,研究了Na_2S、(NH_4)_2S改良剂对污泥重金属形态、生物有效性的影响。结果表明:硫化物改良剂可以提高污泥pH值,添加Na_2S和(NH_4)_2S改良剂后的污泥pH值比对照pH值最大升高分别为3.1和1.0;改良剂对污泥中重金属Cu、Zn、Cd、As均有显著钝化作用,利用Tessier连续提取法分析污泥重金属化学形态,2种改良剂均有效降低了污泥中重金属可交换态的质量比,使其向碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态等稳定态转化,可交换态Zn、Cd比对照最大降低程度分别达98.8%和98.6%;硫化物处理显著降低了污泥中重金属有效态质量比,硫化物添加量越多,重金属有效态降低幅度越大,其中对有效态Cu、Cd的作用效果更为明显,Cu、Cd有效态最大降低幅度分别为87.3%、52.6%;T3型发光菌发光量试验表明,添加硫化物改良剂后污泥中重金属毒性降低;盆栽试验结果显示,硫化物钝化污泥后青菜地上部和根部重金属积累量大大降低,地上部As、Cd、Cu、Zn最大降低量分别为51.6%、31.2%、17.5%、20.7%,根部As、Cd最大降低程度分别为19.5%、58.1%。     

高锰酸钾去除水中甲硫醚的效能及动力学研究

通过烧杯试验研究水处理常用氧化剂KMnO_4氧化水中甲硫醚的效能,探讨了KMnO_4投加量、甲硫醚初始质量浓度、p H值及腐殖酸质量浓度对氧化反应的影响,并对反应动力学及氧化产物进行了分析。结果表明:不同剂量的KMnO_4氧化甲硫醚反应在t=10 min内已基本完成,去除率达99%;随KMnO_4投加量增加,去除率和反应速率增加;KMnO_4过量条件下甲硫醚初始质量浓度对反应速率和去除率无影响;p H值对反应速率常数影响较显著,当p H=6.85时,反应速率常数达到最大;0~30 mg/L的腐殖酸对甲硫醚去除率基本无影响,但对反应速率有一定的抑制作用。腐殖酸质量浓度在0~15 mg/L变化时,反应速率常数基本不变;腐殖酸质量浓度从15 mg/L增大到20mg/L时,反应速率常数迅速变小,反应进程变慢;而当腐殖酸质量浓度大于等于20 mg/L时,反应速率常数又基本不变。KMnO_4氧化甲硫醚的反应符合二级反应动力学模型,二级反应的动力学常数k=0.647 L/(min·mg)。通过GC/MS对反应产物分析发现,KMnO_4可将甲硫醚氧化为二甲基亚砜。因此,KMnO_4是一种高效、快速的去除水中甲硫醚的氧化剂。     

原油储罐硫化氢脱除实验及应用

采用循环气提法脱除原油储罐中的硫化氢以达到降低储罐内硫化氢浓度的目的。某联合站卸油台零位罐的实验结果表明:经过7h的实验,零位罐观察口硫化氢浓度可由484mg/m3降低至9mg/m3。文章主要介绍了循环气提法在轮三联合站卸油台零位罐的实验过程、除硫剂的筛选及在某联合站原油储罐的应用情况。实践证明该方法能够有效降低储罐内硫化氢浓度。     

废水中可溶性硫化物的形态分析

运用毛细管区带电泳间接紫外光度法，成功地分离了水中几何可溶性硫化物，并用于废水分析取得满意效果。     

Na_2S-DDTC深度处理络合Ni高浓度电镀废水

对比选用有机巯基类高分子螯合剂(DDTC)、无机硫(Na_2S)和氢氧化钠(Na OH)作为电镀Ni的捕集剂,对模拟电镀废水中的络合Ni进行深度处理,重点考察了反应p H值、药剂投加量、反应时间以及絮凝剂种类等因素对Ni的去除效果的影响,并对去除机理进行了探究.结果表明:对于高浓度络合Ni模拟废水ρ(Ni)=300mg/L,在p H9.0,Na_2S与DDTC投加比为ρ(Na_2S)/ρ(DDTC)=10,其中ρ(Na_2S)=600mg/L,ρ(DDTC)=60mg/L,反应时间t=6.0min,PAM投加量1.0mg/L时,Ni_2+的残余浓度为0.064mg/L,低于0.1mg/L达到废水排放标准;此外对Na_2S-DDTC与Ni反应生成的沉淀的溶出试验表明,在自然状态下该沉渣具有较高的稳定性,不会形成二次污染;通过粒径分布统计分析以及SEM表面形态观察分析可知Na_2S-DDTC复配药剂对Ni的捕集作用主要为有絮凝-共沉淀的协同作用.通过本研究,可以为Na_2S-DDTC处理高浓度含络合Ni电镀废水工艺设计提供理论支持.