煤矿硫化氢异常富集主控因素的广义灰色关联分析

为了探究煤矿硫化氢异常富集主控因素,以陕西彬长小庄矿4#煤层为研究对象,通过分析煤层热演化温度、吸附特性、孔隙特征、全硫含量以及还原性指数等影响煤体自身物化性质的主控因素,并运用灰色系统理论构建广义灰色关联度评价模型,以定量的方式确定各因素的广义关联度大小。结果表明:当煤层硫化氢浓度由08×10-6升高至6×10-6时,对应热演化温度、吸附常数、BET比面积、全硫含量以及还原性指数变化范围分别为:96~113 ℃,288~362,0412 5 ~0986 4 m2·g-1,021%~088%,31~85,主控因素综合关联度排序为:还原性指数＞吸附常数＞全硫含量＞热演化温度＞BET比表面积。     

Catalytic hydrolysis of gaseous HCN over Cu–Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst: parameters and conditions

? The Cu–Ni/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared to study HCN hydrolysis ? On catalyst calcined at 400°C, the HCN removal efficiency reaches a maximum. ? HCN removal is the highest at 480 min at a H ₂ O/HCN volume ratio of 150 ? The presence of CO facilitates HCN hydrolysis and increases NH ₃ production. ? O ₂ increases the HCN removal and NO_x production but decreases NH ₃ production GRAPHIC ABSTRACT To decompose efficiently hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in exhaust gas, g-Al₂O₃-supported bimetallic-based Cu–Ni catalyst was prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation method. The effects of the calcination temperature, H₂O/HCN volume ratio, reaction temperature, and the presence of CO or O₂ on the HCN removal efficiency on the Cu–Ni/g-Al₂O₃ catalyst were investigated. To examine further the efficiency of HCN hydrolysis, degradation products were analyzed. The results indicate that the HCN removal efficiency increases and then decreases with increasing calcination temperature and H₂O/HCN volume ratio. On catalyst calcined at 400°C, the efficiency reaches a maximum close to 99% at 480 min at a H₂O/HCN volume ratio of 150. The HCN removal efficiency increases with increasing reaction temperature within the range of 100°C–500°C and reaches a maximum at 500°C. This trend may be attributed to the endothermicity of HCN hydrolysis; increasing the temperature favors HCN hydrolysis. However, the removal efficiencies increases very few at 500°C compared with that at 400°C. To conserve energy in industrial operations, 400°C is deemed as the optimal reaction temperature. The presence of CO facilitates HCN hydrolysis andincreases NH₃ production. O₂ substantially increases the HCN removal efficiency and NO_x production but decreases NH₃ production.     

曝气生物滤池处理H2S恶臭气体的试验

利用污水处理中曝气生物滤池进行脱除H2 S恶臭气体的试验研究,为以后进行工业放大实现水、气污染同时处理提供理论基础及优化的参数。研究表明,生物滤池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,能够在较宽的容积负荷范围内运行,滤池的最佳停留时间在4 6～70s的范围内,进水量和pH值的变化对生物滤池的脱臭效能影响不大,在整个运行期间生物滤池处理H2 S的最大容积负荷为14 6 2g/ (m3 ·d) ,此时H2 S的去除率可达94 %以上     

Studies on mercuric sulfide,a component of cinnabar,a Chinese herbal medicine,on celluar functions in mouse lung and fibroblasts

Although the cytotoxic effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) and methylmercury chloride (MeHg) have been extensively studied, the insoluble mercuric sulfide (HgS) has been the subject of fewer studies. Since the traditional Chinese mineral drug, cinnabar (containing >95% HgS) continues to be used as an ingredient for infant sedation, the pharmacological and toxicological effects of HgS need to be clarified. In previous experiments, HgS and cinnabar were shown to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and distributed in various tissues including the lungs. Thus, a preliminarily examination of whether HgS might exert any oxidative stress on a mouse lung was undertaken. HgS reduced GSH content and increased lipid peroxidation in the lung. Further studies on the cytotoxic effects and the possible mechanisms of action of HgS were compared with HgCl₂ and MeHg in cultured lung fibroblast V₇₉ cells. The results showed that HgS produced cytotoxicity at a concentration (400–1200 µM)in a dependent manner with IC₅₀ of 795.6 µM, as compared to HgCl₂ and MeHg, 8.1 µM and 5.9 µM, respectively. In addition, the HgS induced the phenomena of DNA fragmentation, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, accompanied by decreased levels of intracellular ATP and GSH and higher lipid peroxidation levels, similar to HgCl₂ and MeHg, but with different toxicokinetic properties. These findings provide evidence for understanding the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of HgS.     

曝气充氧对排水管网液相硫化物累积影响研究

污水管道内硫化物的产生和逸散常引起恶臭、中毒和管道腐蚀等一系列管网问题,曝气充氧可以作为一种较为适用的控制污水管道内硫化氢产生和累积的方法.针对曝气充氧控制管网液相硫化物的方法,通过实验室批量实验,研究不同曝气条件对管道液相硫化物累积、碳源消耗等反应过程的影响.结果表明,曝气充氧主要通过氧化硫化物实现对液相硫化物浓度的有效控制,硫化物累积、碳源消耗受间歇曝气频率影响显著,相对间隔较短的充氧曝气方式,可以有效防止液相硫化物累积,并且消耗较少的有机碳源.     

半焦脱硫剂的制备及其H2S脱除性能

利用废弃褐煤半焦原料作为炭基材料前驱体,经表面改性处理后制备高效脱硫剂,用于脱除原料气中的少量H2S杂质.经改性处理后,改性半焦的比表面积显著提高,形成丰富的织网结构,灰分和挥发分减少,固定碳含量增加,表面酸/碱性官能团含量也随着改性处理过程发生明显变化.采用固定床反应器和模拟气体考察脱硫剂的脱硫性能,结果表明,原料褐煤半焦基本没有脱除H2S的能力.改性处理后,随着改性半焦物化性质的改善,脱硫能力迅速提高穿透时间达95 min.负载铁氧化物有利于进一步增强其脱硫性能,穿透时间提高到1095 min;温度、氧含量和水含量等因素对脱硫性能的影响也非常显著.     

一株脱硫菌的鉴定及其对H2S的降解能力

取污水处理厂有生物活性的污泥,经富集培养、分离纯化得到1株脱硫活性较高的菌株CTD843-T-3,将其载入生物滴滤塔中对H2S进行连续脱硫反应.当最佳反应温度为30℃、pH为6.0、H2S进口浓度为500～3000mg·m-3时,菌株对H2S的去除率可保持在92％以上,H2S最高负荷率可达6.5g·m-3·h-1.通过形态生理特征和16SrDNA序列分析对CTD843-T-3进行鉴定,结果表明该菌株为椭球状,大小为0.4～0.6μm,为革兰阴性菌,属假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.).     

海洋沉积物中Zn对底栖端足类生物的毒性

通过分析Zn加标沉积物中酸溶挥发性硫化物与同步提取金属的摩尔浓度差值解释Zn对底栖生物的毒性作用,受试生物种选择端足类底栖生物日本大螯蜚(Grandidierella japonica),使用实验室沉积物10-day急性毒性生物检验方法进行检验分析结果表明,当酸溶挥发性硫化物与同步提取金属的差值＜0μmol/g干重时,Zn在沉积物间隙水中的浓度非常低,而且在生物急性毒性试验中也很少发现生物致死的现象相反,当二者的差值＞0μmol/g时,Zn在沉积物间隙水中的浓度则明显升高,而且在生物急性毒性试验中受试生物致死率迅速增加.本研究通过将化学数据与生物短期暴露的观察结果相比较,支持了使用酸溶挥发性硫化物作为归一化因子预测金属沾污沉积物毒性的方法.     

生物强化自发电化学氧化含硫废水及关键功能微生物研究

构建了以高锰酸钾溶液为阴极电子受体,石墨棒为电极的硫化物自发电化学氧化系统.该系统可自发电化学氧化硫化物,去除率为68.15%~89.30%,其主要氧化产物为单质硫（68.10%~86.63%）,且最大氧化速率可达34.76 mg·L^-1·h^-1,最大稳定电流密度为37.38 mA·m^-2.经生物强化后,该系统的硫化物去除率高于99.80%,其主要氧化产物为硫酸盐（21.98%~74.43%）和单质硫（25.43%~78.02%）,其最大氧化速率可达45.90 mg·L^-1·h^-1,最大稳定电流密度为36.61 mA·m^-2.并通过高通量测序分别从门和属分类水平对生物强化系统阳极室内污泥细菌群落进行分析,相对丰度较高的是具有硫化物氧化功能的变形菌门和具有胞外电子传递能力的拟杆菌门.     

桂林沉积物酸可挥发硫和同步提取金属的分析

测定了桂林地区水系沉积物中酸可挥发硫 (AVS)与同步提取的重金属 (SEM) ,研究了桂林地区水系沉积物中酸可挥发硫随深度的变化特征 ,并用 [SEM] [AVS]方法对桂林地区水系沉积物中重金属的生物毒性进行了初步预测。