SBR系统中好氧颗粒污泥的培养及脱氮除硫研究

采用SBR反应器进行了好氧颗粒污泥的培养和脱氮除硫研究.结果表明,以厌氧颗粒污泥为种泥,通过控制运行条件,在30d内可培养出好氧颗粒污泥.好氧颗粒污泥粒径以1~2mm为主, SVI为30~40mL/g,微生物组成以短杆菌为主,外部包裹大量丝状菌.当COD和NH4+-N负荷分别保持在1.65kg/(m3·d)和0.17kg/(m3·d),硫化物负荷从0.15kg/(m3·d)逐步提高到0.90kg/(m3·d)时,好氧颗粒污泥对硫化物、COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别>99%、>80%和>98%.在高硫化物浓度下,反应器仍然表现出良好的脱氮效果,可能是由好氧颗粒污泥的层状结构和硫化物能先于NH4+-N快速氧化的特点决定的.     

2017年9月东海海水和大气中挥发性有机硫化物的浓度分布及其来源

挥发性有机硫化物（volatile organic sulfur compounds，简称VSCs）是硫循环的主要参与者，在全球气候变化和大气化学中发挥重要作用.于2017年9月运用冷阱捕集气相色谱和气-质联用法对东海海水与大气中3种重要的VSCs即羰基硫（COS）、二甲基硫（DMS）、二硫化碳（CS₂）的浓度进行了测定，并计算了它们的海-气通量.研究结果表明，秋季东海表层海水中COS、DMS和CS₂的浓度平均值分别为（0.14±0.08）、（3.58±2.81）和（0.06±0.06）nmol·L^-1.大气中COS、DMS和CS₂的平均浓度分别为（414.9±107.4）×10^-12、（39.7±29.9）×10^-12和（92.9±55.6）×10^-12，COS是大气中含量最丰富的VSCs.相关性分析表明，海水中DMS与CS₂存在相关性，推测两者具有相似的来源途径.大气中COS和CS₂的浓度相关性较为显著，显示大气中CS₂是COS的主要源.此外，海水中COS、DMS和CS₂都呈过饱和状态，海-气通量平均值分别为（0.45±0.58）、（13.15±12.66）和（0.20±0.22）μmol·m^-2·d^-1，表明秋季东海是大气中3种VSCs的源.     

固定化微生物处理含H2S气体的试验研究

研究海藻酸钠包理固定化微生物颗粒填充床去除气相Ｈ２Ｓ的过程,活性微生物为经Ｓ＾２－加富驯化的污水水污泥。填充滴滤塔运行实验表明,除Ｈ２Ｓ外适宜的ＰＨ值和喷淋率分别为１．８－４．０和〉０．１７ｍ＾３（ｍ＾３．ｄ）;     

Evaluating the impact of sulfamethoxazole on hydrogen production during dark anaerobic sludge fermentation

● SMX promotes hydrogen production from dark anaerobic sludge fermentation. ● SMX significantly enhances the hydrolysis and acidification processes. ● SMX suppresses the methanogenesis process in order to reduce hydrogen consumption. ● SMX enhances the relative abundance of hydrogen-VFAs producers. ● SMX brings possible environmental risks due to the enrichment of ARGs. The impact of antibiotics on the environmental protection and sludge treatment fields has been widely studied. The recovery of hydrogen from waste activated sludge (WAS) has become an issue of great interest. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the impact of antibiotics present in WAS on hydrogen production during dark anaerobic fermentation. To explore the mechanisms, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was chosen as a representative antibiotic to evaluate how SMX influenced hydrogen production during dark anaerobic fermentation of WAS. The results demonstrated SMX promoted hydrogen production. With increasing additions of SMX from 0 to 500 mg/kg TSS, the cumulative hydrogen production elevated from 8.07 ± 0.37 to 11.89 ± 0.19 mL/g VSS. A modified Gompertz model further verified that both the maximum potential of hydrogen production (P_m) and the maximum rate of hydrogen production (R_m) were promoted. SMX did not affected sludge solubilization, but promoted hydrolysis and acidification processes to produce more hydrogen. Moreover, the methanogenesis process was inhibited so that hydrogen consumption was reduced. Microbial community analysis further demonstrated that the introduction of SMX improved the abundance of hydrolysis bacteria and hydrogen-volatile fatty acids (VFAs) producers. SMX synergistically influenced hydrolysis, acidification and acetogenesis to facilitate the hydrogen production.     

聚硅酸氯化铝铁絮凝剂制备及絮凝效果的研究

以粉煤灰和硫铁矿烧渣两种工业固体废弃物为主要原料,制取聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PSAFC)无机高分子絮凝剂。粉煤灰、硫铁矿烧渣和纯碱按1：1：0．8混合．在800～900(焙烧15～30min,用定量1：1盐酸浸取,固体溶出率高达94％,陈化后即为PSAFC絮凝剂。通过模拟和真实印染废水絮凝试验．表明PSAFC絮凝效果与聚合氯化铝(PAC)相当,在沉降速度、污泥体积等方面要优于PAC,且成本比PAC低．具有较大的市场前景。     

Oxidation of acid-volatile sulfide in surface sediments increases the release and toxicity of copper to the benthic amphipod Melita plumulosa

Acid-volatile sulfides (AVS) are an important metal-binding phase in sediments. For sediments that contain an excess of AVS over simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) concentrations, acute or chronic effects should not result from the metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. While AVS phases may exist in surface sediments, the exposure to dissolved oxygen may oxidize the AVS and release metals to more bioavailable forms. We investigated the role of oxidation of AVS, and specifically copper sulfide phases, in surface sediments, in the toxicity to juveniles of the epibenthic amphipod, Melita plumulosa. Sediments containing known amounts of copper sulfide were prepared either in situ by reacting dissolved copper with AVS that had formed in field sediments or created in sediments within the laboratory, or by addition of synthesised CuS to sediments. Regardless of the form of the copper sulfide, considerable oxidation of AVS occurred during the 10-d tests. Sediments that had a molar excess of AVS compared to SEM at the start of the tests, did not always have an excess at the end of the tests. Consistent with the AVS-SEM model, no toxicity was observed for sediments with an excess of AVS throughout the tests. However, the study highlights the need to carefully consider the changes in AVS concentrations during tests, and that measurements of AVS and SEM concentrations should carefully target the materials to which the organisms are being exposed throughout tests, which in the case of juvenile M. plumulosa is the top few mm of the sediments.     

Sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification processes for drinking water treatment: elimination of excess sulfate production and alkalinity requirement

The activity of copper oxide, titanium carbide and silicon nitride nanoparticles for the oxidative degradation of environmentally relevant concentrations (μg L⁻¹ range) of enrofloxacin - an important veterinary antibiotic drug - in aqueous solutions was investigated. With hydrogen peroxide as an oxidative agent, both copper oxide and titanium carbide decrease the concentration of enrofloxacin by more than 90% over 12 h. Addition of sodium halide salts strongly increases the reaction rate of copper oxide nanoparticles. The mechanism for the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was investigated by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR).     

赤铁矿抑制硫酸盐废水厌氧消化产甲烷过程中硫化氢形成与机制

为了实现高浓度硫酸盐废水厌氧消化过程中甲烷的高值化产出,本文探究了赤铁矿添加对硫酸盐废水厌氧消化系统中硫化氢形成的抑制效果与作用机制.以人工配制的硫酸盐废水为研究对象,考察不同赤铁矿投加量下高浓度硫酸盐废水的厌氧消化性能,并分析反应体系中硫元素的迁移转化途径.结果表明,未添加赤铁矿的反应器的厌氧消化启动时间及硫化氢浓度分别是0.5 g·（30 mL）^-1赤铁矿添加组的1.64倍及180倍.这说明添加赤铁矿不仅能够缩短厌氧消化的延迟时间,而且有效降低反应器中硫化氢的浓度.硫元素的动态平衡分析结果显示,添加0.5 g·（30 mL）^-1赤铁矿反应器中固体硫含量占总硫的96.9%.XPS结果进一步表明,赤铁矿添加主要是促废水中的S^2-以FeS₂的形式固定.因此,赤铁矿的添加能够有效加速硫酸盐废水厌氧消化过程,同时降低反应器中硫化氢的浓度.     

含硫酸盐高浓度有机废水生物处理技术

采用硫酸盐还原一硫化物生物氧化一产甲烷-接触氧化工艺处理青霉素废水,硫酸盐还原与有机物甲烷化分别在两个反应器中进行,有效地避免了硫酸盐还原菌对产甲烷菌的竞争抑制;利用无色硫细菌将硫酸盐还原产物一硫化物氧化成s,消除了硫化物对产甲烷菌的毒害作用研究结果表明,当系统进水COD为4500～5000mg/L,SO₄^2-浓度为1500－1600g/L时,系统出水中COD为310～348mg/L,COD平均去除率为93．2％,SO^2-平均去除率为91．2％     

Remediation of sulfidic wastewater by catalytic oxidation with hydrogen peroxide

Oxidation of sulfide in aqueous solution by hydrogen peroxide was investigated in the presence of hydrated ferric oxide catalyst. The ferric oxide catalyst was synthesized by sol gel technique from ferric chloride and ammonia. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray di raction analysis, scanning electrom microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The catalyst was quite e ective in oxidizing the sulfide by hydrogen peroxide. The e ects of sulfide concentration, catalyst loading, H2O2 dosing and temperature on the kinetics of sulfide oxidation were investigated. Kinetic equations and activation energies for the catalytic oxidation reaction were calculated based on the experimental results.