高酸气田井站火炬冷放空过程模拟分析

通过对硫化氢气体在复杂地形下的扩散过程进行数值模拟分析,得出井站在不同风向下有毒气体的可能影响范围,提出将可能影响范围与事故应急预案相结合,实现事故状态下的应急处置。     

硫氮比对废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联功能茵的影响

从废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联反应器中分离到了2株同步脱氮除硫功能菌--荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)和铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa).在pH 7.0,温度30℃,无供氧,培养时间2 d的条件下进行了2株功能菌纯培养的同步脱氮除硫效果试验,研究了不同硫氮比对同步脱...     

Effects of different pretreatment methods on anaerobic mixed microflora for hydrogen production and COD reduction from palm oil mill effluent

Effects of different pretreatment methods on sludge inocula were evaluated with respect to hydrogen (H₂) production enhancement using palm oil mill effluent (POME) in a batch system. The experimental results showed that the pretreatment methods (chemical, acid, heat-shock, freezing and thawing, and base) at 35 °C and initial pH 5.5 had a positive influence on H₂ production yield and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency during the fermentative H₂ production as compared to the control experiments (without pretreatment). Heat-shock pretreatment method was shown to be a simple and useful method for enhancing both H₂ producing and COD removal processes from POME with highest H₂ yield and COD removal efficiency at 0.41 mmol H₂/g COD and 86%, respectively.     

采油厂硫化氢的安全防护与对策

介绍了油气井中硫化氢的来源、危害,并重点阐述了采油厂含硫化氢油井的分布情况和有关硫化氢的监测和安全防护措施。     

柴油加氢装置生产过程中职业病危害因素调查

目的通过对柴油加氢装置生产过程中职业病危害因素的调查,提出职业病危害防护的关键控制点,对防护措施及职业健康体检提出针对性建议。方法采用检查表法对职业卫生状况进行调查,并用定点、个体采样对职业病危害因素进行检测。结果工作场所的总烃(柴油)、硫化氢、噪声检测结果符合国家职业卫生标准,防护措施完善,健康体检未检出目标疾病及疑似职业病。结论职业病危害防护的关键控制点为硫化氢、噪声,以及采样及检维修过程,通过现有防护措施可有效降低工作场所职业病危害因素的浓(强)度,维护作业人员职业健康。     

Intensification of degradation of aqueous solutions of rhodamine B using sonochemical reactors at operating capacity of 7 L

In the present work, degradation of rhodamine B, a typical dye effluent commonly observed in chemical processing wastewaters has been investigated using a sonochemical reactor with capacity of 7 L. The reactor consists of an ultrasonic bath equipped with a single large transducer having longitudinal vibrations with operating frequency of 25 kHz and rated power output of 1 kW. The effect of operational conditions such as the rhodamine B initial concentration, operating pH and use of additives such as H(2)O(2), CCl(4) and TiO(2) has been investigated initially. A mathematical model has also been fitted to estimate the rate constant for rhodamine B removal under different operating conditions. Intensification studies have been carried by combining sonochemical oxidation with photocatalytic oxidation under optimized conditions. In all the investigated systems, complete removal of rhodamine B (10 ppm initial concentration) was obtained using a combination of sonochemical reactor and CCl(4). Sonocatalysis (in the presence of TiO(2)) of rhodamine B showed 92% degradation, while sonophotocatalysis gave degradation of 93%. TOC analysis at various optimum conditions was also performed to quantify the extent of mineralization and it was observed that the extent of mineralization is always lower than the extent of removal of parent compound.     

硫氧化细菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

从浙江华海药业污水处理系统中分离得到一株硫氧化细菌T3,基于形态特征、生理生化、16S rRNA基因序列系统学分析和Biolog鉴定系统分析,鉴定该菌株为根瘤菌属.摇瓶实验结果表明,T3生物降解最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH值为8.0,外加氯化铵、碳源对菌株生长及硫化钠降解有促进作用,驯化后的硫氧化细菌对硫化钠有很强的耐受能力,最优生长条件下,2 d内菌株T3能将400 mg/L以下浓度的硫化钠降解彻底,是一株有应用前景的硫氧化细菌.通过测定代谢过程中各种物质的含量,确定该菌株对硫化钠的去除机理为S2-→S2O32-/S0→SO32-→SO42-.图8表1参18     

基于Arcgis Engine下毒气扩散后事故伤害程度等值线的生成与应用

井喷有毒气体扩散对周围居民的危害很大,造成人员伤亡并给生态环境带来严重的后果。本文详细讨论了基于Arcgis Engine毒气扩散后事故伤害程度等值线的绘制以及在应急救援方面的应用。通过毒气扩散浓度空间分布动态链接程序计算出毒气扩散后浓度分布离散点,再利用Arcgis Engine二次开发接口将离散点转变成可视化程度较高的事故伤害程度等值线。此模拟过程不仅为应急救援以及重大危险源的管理提供了依据,同时可以为井场地区的安全情况作出判断,能够对周边人员疏散策略及安全区域规划的制定提供帮助。     

硫酸盐还原菌去除铅的实验研究

考查了初始p H值、反应温度、接种量等对硫酸盐还原菌菌株的生长和对重金属铅去除效果的影响,应用X射线衍射(XRD)、表面能量色谱分析(EDS)对沉淀物进行了表征。结果表明,该菌株生长及去除铅的最佳条件为:p H=8.0,温度30℃,接种量10%,该条件下的去除率高达99.79%。所得到的沉淀物为硫化铅,立方方铅矿结构,结晶度良好。进一步研究了最佳条件下不同初始浓度硝酸铅对硫酸盐还原菌细胞中亚硫酸盐还原酶(SiR)和腺苷酰硫酸还原酶(APS)比活力的影响。结果表明,硝酸铅质量浓度低于950mg/L时,亚硫酸盐还原酶和APS还原酶比活力受到轻微抑制,当硝酸铅质量浓度为1 100 mg/L时,其比活力受到明显的抑制。重金属铅对亚硫酸盐还原酶比活力抑制作用相对明显。     

猪场废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联反应器的启动

采用鼓泡反应器研究猪场废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联反应器的启动,比较了启动过程中不接种污泥、接种厌氧污泥及接种好氧污泥对启动时间及效能的影响.结果表明,接种好氧污泥的反应器在第32d时氮硫同步去除率达到60%以上;不接种污泥的反应器氮硫同步去除率达到60%需要36d;而接种厌氧污泥的反应器则需要50d.成功启动后,在温度为30～32℃、空塔停留时间为9.75min、水力停留时间为4.78d、沼气中H2S浓度为1.70 8·m-3左右及进水NOx-N浓度为109 mg·L-1的条件下,不接种污泥反应器,接种厌氧污泥反应器和接种好氧污泥反应器的NOx-N去除率分别97%、91%、99%,硫化氢的去除率分别稳定在82%、78%和86%左右.接种好氧污泥的反应器硫化氢去除率最高可达92.3%.运行稳定后,3个反应器均可实现按相对固定的比例同时去除硫和氮,废水脱氮与沼气脱硫得到了很好耦联,在1个反应器中可以同时实现废水脱氮与沼气脱硫.