磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液调控下白菜对钼矿区重金属污染土壤的修复

采用ICP-AES分析土壤及植物体中各种重金属元素的含量,研究了在磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液在其不同浓度梯度下投加,白菜地上部分对钼矿区重金属污染土壤的修复潜力。结果表明:投加磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液的条件下均能显著提高白菜的地上部分富集土壤中重金属元素的能力(Cd除外),但缓冲溶液对白菜积累重金属能力的促进作用也存在重金属元素种类及浓度梯度之间的差异;投加磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液可以提高白菜对土壤中重金属的富集系数(Hg、Mo、Zn最为显著)。     

Estimating source strengths of HCl and SO2 emissions in the flue gas from waste incineration

HCl and SO_2 emission is one of the major concerns related to municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI). In this study, a material flow analysis model was developed to estimate the HCl and SO_2 concentrations in the MSWI flue gases(FGs), and their concentrations in the full-scale MSWI were monitored. The calculated concentrations of HCl and SO_2 in the FG were 770–1300 mg/Nm~3 and 150–640 mg/Nm~3, respectively, in close agreement with the monitored values. More than 99% of Cl and 92% of S from the FG were captured into solid residues by the air pollution control(APC) systems. Moreover, since only 48.4%–67.5% of Cl and 21.3%–53.4% of S were transferred to the FG from the municipal solid waste(MSW), it was more reliable to estimate the source strengths and release amounts of HCl and SO_2 in the FG based on the amounts of Cl and S in the APC residues(AR) and exhaust gas rather than in the MSW. This simple method is easily applicable and the estimated results could provide scientific basis for the appropriate design and operation of the APC systems as well as corrosion control of heat recovery systems.     

城市管道煤气生产中汞的分布特征

采用二次金汞齐 -冷原子吸收光谱法对贵阳市城市民用管道煤气中汞含量进行了测定。对煤气生产中使用的洗精煤及生产过程中产生的化学产品焦碳、煤焦油、焦炉煤气脱硫洗涤物硫浆中汞含量和分布进行了初步研究。管道煤气中汞的含量低于方法检测限 0 .0 5ng/m3,低于贵阳市大气中汞含量。在原煤转化为城市管道煤气过程中 ,原煤的洗选过程脱除了 70 %的汞 ;焦碳中汞含量占洗精煤汞含量的 1 1 .4 % ;焦油中汞含量占洗精煤中汞的 1 2 .6 % ;硫浆的生成过程脱除了煤气生产用洗精煤中 50 %的汞。     

水中可吸附有机硫的测定--库仑滴定法

采用智能测硫仪,使吸附在活性炭上的有机硫在高温空气流中燃烧、分解,定量地转化为二氧化硫,用库仑滴定法测定。水中无机硫化物的干扰用乙酸铜均匀沉淀法去除。     

SUMMA罐采样-GC×GC-TOFMS同时测定空气中有机硫化物

研究了SUMMA罐采样-全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法测定环境空气中有机硫化物。采用SUMMA罐采集样品,自动进样器进样,三级冷阱预浓缩样品,全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法(GC×GC-TOFMS)测试分析,以较长的非极性柱Rxi-5MS(30 m×320μm×1.0μm)作为第一维柱,较短的中等极性柱DB-17MS(2.0 m×0.1 mm×0.1μm)作为第二维柱,对环境空气中的有机硫化物进行了定性定量分析。结果表明,该方法特性不仅满足方法学要求,而且比《空气和废气监测分析方法》(第4版)推荐的方法更加优异,能够准确、快速地检测环境空气中有机硫化物。     

酸化吹气-气相分子法测定固体废物中硫化物

采用酸化吹气装置结合气相分子吸收光谱仪对固体废物中硫化物进行测定.考察酸性试剂的选取、加入量及酸化吹气反应时间对测定结果的影响,得出最佳的前处理条件为加入10 mL体积比为1:1的磷酸,酸化吹气45 min.为确保吸收液中硫化物不被氧化,向吸收液中加入一定量抗氧化剂.结果表明:当抗氧化剂加入量为5 mL时,吸收液中硫化...     

Mercury removal from flue gas using nitrate as an electron acceptor in a membrane biofilm reactor

Membrane bioreactor achieved mercury removal using nitrate as an electron acceptor. The biological mercury oxidation increased with the increase of oxygen concentration. Ferrous sulfide could make both Hg²⁺ and MeHg transform into HgS-like substances. Nitrate drives mercury oxidation through katE, katG, nar, nir, nor, and nos. Mercury (Hg⁰) is a hazardous air pollutant for its toxicity, and bioaccumulation. This study reported that membrane biofilm reactor achieved mercury removal from flue gas using nitrate as the electron acceptor. Hg⁰ removal efficiency was up to 88.7% in 280 days of operation. Oxygen content in flue gas affected mercury redox reactions, mercury biooxidation and microbial methylation. The biological mercury oxidation increased with the increase of oxygen concentration (2%‒17%), methylation of mercury reduced with the increase of oxygen concentration. The dominant bacteria at oxygen concentration of 2%, 6%, 17%, 21% were Halomonas, Anaerobacillus, Halomonas and Pseudomonas, respectively. The addition of ferrous sulfide could immobilize Hg²⁺ effectively, and make both Hg²⁺ and MeHg transform into HgS-like substances, which could achieve the inhibition effect of methylation, and promote conversion of mercury. The dominant bacteria changed from Halomonas to Planctopirus after FeS addition. Nitrate drives mercury oxidation through katE, katG, nar, nir, nor, and nos for Hg⁰ removal in flue gas.