Treating landfill gas hydrogen sulphide with mineral wool waste (MWW) and rod mill waste (RMW)

Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) gas is a major odorant at municipal landfills. The gas can be generated from different waste fractions, for example demolition waste containing gypsum based plaster board. The removal of H₂S from landfill gas was investigated by filtering it through mineral wool waste products. The flow of gas varied from 0.3 l/min to 3.0 l/min. The gas was typical for landfill gas with a mean H₂S concentration of ca. 4500 ppm. The results show that the sulphide gas can effectively be removed by mineral wool waste products. The ratios of the estimated potential for sulphide precipitation were 19:1 for rod mill waste (RMW) and mineral wool waste (MWW). A filter consisting of a mixture of MWW and RMW, with a vertical perforated gas tube through the center of filter material and with a downward gas flow, removed 98% of the sulfide gas over a period of 80 days. A downward gas flow was more efficient in contacting the filter materials. Mineral wool waste products are effective in removing hydrogen sulphide from landfill gas given an adequate contact time and water content in the filter material. Based on the estimated sulphide removal potential of mineral wool and rod mill waste of 14 g/kg and 261 g/kg, and assuming an average sulphide gas concentration of 4500 ppm, the removal capacity in the filter materials has been estimated to last between 11 and 308 days. At the studied location the experimental gas flow was 100 times less than the actual gas flow. We believe that the system described here can be upscaled in order to treat this gas flow.     

Effects of thermal radiation heat transfer on flame acceleration and transition to detonation in particle-cloud hydrogen flames

The current work examines regimes of the hydrogen–oxygen flame propagation and ignition of mixtures heated by radiation emitted from the flame. The gaseous phase is assumed to be transparent for the radiation, while the suspended particles of the dust cloud ahead of the flame absorb and reemit the radiation. The radiant heat absorbed by the particles is then lost by conduction to the surrounding unreacted gaseous phase so that the gas phase temperature lags that of the particles. The direct numerical simulations solve the full system of two phase gas dynamic time-dependent equations with a detailed chemical kinetics for a plane flames propagating through a dust cloud. It is shown that depending on the spatial distribution of the dispersed particles and on the value of radiation absorption length the consequence of the radiative preheating of the mixture ahead of the flame can be either the increase of the flame velocity for uniformly dispersed particles or ignition either new deflagration or detonation ahead of the original flame via the Zel'dovich gradient mechanism in the case of a layered particle-gas cloud deposits. In the latter case the ignited combustion regime depends on the radiation absorption length and correspondingly on the steepness of the formed temperature gradient in the preignition zone that can be treated independently of the primary flame. The impact of radiation heat transfer in a particle-laden flame is of paramount importance for better risk assessment and represents a route for understanding of dust explosion origin.     

Environmentally friendly hide unhairing: Enzymatic-oxidative unhairing as an alternative to use of lime and sodium sulfide

Various studies have been conducted to develop technologies that minimize the environmental concerns associated with the leather industry. The use of enzymes and oxidizing products during the unhairing step reduces pollution by tanneries as well as process time. In this study, were used an enzymatic extract produced by a strain of Bacillus subtilis – BLBc 11 – and hydrogen peroxide to conduct enzymatic-oxidative unhairing as an alternative to the conventional process (lime and sodium sulfide). Tests for enzymatic-oxidative unhairing were performed by applying crude enzymatic extract at concentrations of 100 U g⁻¹ and 300 U g⁻¹ of hide and hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 4% and 8%. Tests were conducted comparing the proposed unhairing method, the conventional unhairing and purely enzymatic unhairing, performed with crud enzymatic extract produced by strain BLBc 11. The results showed that the proposed enzymatic-oxidative unhairing method can be used as an alternative to lime and sodium sulfide.     

扩散式二氧化硫简易采样器在环境监测中的应用

介绍了扩散式二氧化硫简易采样器原理，结构，分析方法，以及与紫外荧光法连续监测结果的可比性，讨论了环境湿度，存放条件对采样结果的影响，客观地评价了该种采样器的适用性。     

雨水中微量过氧化氢的间接原子吸收测定

通过过氧化氢与重铬酸钾的定量反应，用原子吸收测铬的方法达到测定过氧化氢的目的。试验表明，该法用于雨水中微量过氧化氢的测定，试验令人满意，且操作方便。     

炭黑工业尾气净化及余热利用

研究表明，炭黑工业生产过程尾气中的可燃气态污染物ＣＯ、Ｈ２、及ＣＨ４等，采用直接燃烧法，是目前我国炭黑尾气净化和回收利用的最佳控制方法。直接燃烧法，不仅可将尾气中可燃气态污染物转变为ＣＯ２和Ｈ２Ｏ，且可回收利用其热量，余热利用率可提高４０％以上。经济技术评价表明，采用直接燃烧法和炭黑尾气发电，其经济效益和环境效益十分可观。     

双氧水强化微电解法模拟降解苯酚的研究

苯酚是最简单的有机模型化合物,对其进行降解试验有助于了解微电解作用机理,为含酚废水的治理提供试验方法及工艺参数。试验得出最佳工艺为:当进水pH=3,H2O2加入量为0.1％,反应时间10 min时,出水TOC去除率>90％。发现进水中H2O2的加入对微电解法具有明显的强化作用,对作用机理进行了探讨。     

弱碱性阴离子交换纤维吸附H2S和CO2混合气体的研究

主要研究了弱碱性阴离子交换纤维对高浓度的Ｈ２Ｓ、ＣＯ２混合气体的吸附性能，考察了各种因素对吸附的影响规律，为今后进一步的研究打下了一定的基础。     

电芬顿法的研究现状与发展

电芬顿法的研究已引起了人们广泛的关注。利用电化学法产生Fe^2＋和H2O2作为芬顿试剂的持续来源，两者产生后立即生成具有高度活性的羟基自由基，使有机物氧化成CO2和H2O2本文简要介绍了电芬顿法在国内外的研究现状，详细阐述了各种电芬顿法的运行机理及其影响因素，并对其今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

低压离子色谱分离化学发光在线检测NO2-S2-

研究了低压离子色谱分离-柱后鲁米诺化学发光检测方法,并分离测定了NO2-和S2-,以碳酸钠作为洗脱液,Luminol-H2O2-NO2-(或S2-)作为化学发光检测体系,对NO2-和S2-两种阴离子进行在线检测.测定的线性范围分别为NO2-:5.0×10-8～10-6g/mL;S2-:1.0×10-8～6.0×10-7g/mL.检测限NO2-为:3.0×10-9g/mL,S2-为:1.4×10-9g/mL.该方法用于水样中NO2-和S2-含量的测定,结果满意.