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排序方式: 共有347条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
201.
Thomas H. Christensen Poul L. Bjerg Steven A. Banwart Rasmus Jakobsen Gorm Heron Hans-Jrgen Albrechtsen 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2000,45(3-4)
Evaluation of redox conditions in groundwater pollution plumes is often a prerequisite for understanding the behaviour of the pollutants in the plume and for selecting remediation approaches. Measuring of redox conditions in pollution plumes is, however, a fairly recent issue and yet relative few cases have been reported. No standardised or generally accepted approach exists. Slow electrode kinetics and the common lack of internal equilibrium of redox processes in pollution plumes make, with a few exceptions, direct electrochemical measurement and rigorous interpretation of redox potentials dubious, if not erroneous. Several other approaches have been used in addressing redox conditions in pollution plumes: redox-sensitive compounds in groundwater samples, hydrogen concentrations in groundwater, concentrations of volatile fatty acids in groundwater, sediment characteristics and microbial tools, such as MPN counts, PLFA biomarkers and redox bioassays. This paper reviews the principles behind the different approaches, summarizes methods used and evaluates the approaches based on the experience from the reported applications. 相似文献
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205.
Reyyan Koc Nikolaos K. Kazantzis Yi Hua Ma 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2011,24(6):852-869
The syngas produced by coal gasification processes can be utilized in Pd-based water-gas-shift membrane reactors for the production of pure H2. Pd/alloy composite membrane reactors exhibit comparative advantages over traditional packed bed reactors such as simultaneous reaction/separation in one compact unit and increased reaction yields. Furthermore, the development of comprehensive process intensification strategies could further enhance membrane reactor performance resulting in a substantially smaller and functional, inherently safer, environmentally friendlier and more energy efficient process.A systematic non-isothermal modeling framework under both steady state and dynamic/transient conditions for a catalytic high temperature water-gas shift reaction in a Pd-based membrane reactor has been developed to characterize the dynamic behavior of the process system at various operating conditions from a process safety standpoint. In particular, various reaction conditions as well as key process variables such as feed temperature and flow rate, catalyst loading, driving force for H2 permeation are considered as they are critically related to various safety aspects in the operation of a Pd-based membrane reactor. Within the proposed framework, process parameters and operating conditions which may induce hazards and compromise process safety are identified, analyzed and characterized. Finally, the proposed approach is evaluated through detailed simulation studies in an illustrative case study involving a real Pd-based membrane reactor used for pure hydrogen production and separation that exhibits complex behavior over a wide operating regime. 相似文献
206.
针对燃烧加热地面试验设备存在的工质污染问题,采用数值模拟方法研究了燃烧加热污染空气对氢燃料超燃冲压发动机性能的影响。以飞行马赫数Ma=6.5,当量油气比ER=0.6为计算基准状态,分别对纯净空气和污染空气来流下氢燃料超燃冲压发动机的整机流场和性能进行了对比计算分析。燃烧化学反应模拟采用了改进的H2/O2七组分八方程模型,湍流模型为标准的 k-ε模型,并采用直连式燃烧室试验数据进行了数值方法的验证。研究结果表明:(1)相对于纯净空气来流,污染空气来流下的超燃冲压发动机推力和比冲均有所下降。(2)采用酒精燃烧加热器的前提下,来流参数匹配静温、静压、马赫数时,发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而匹配总温、总压、马赫数时相差最大。(3)来流参数匹配总焓、静压、马赫数的前提下,采用氢燃烧加热器时发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而采用甲烷燃烧加热器时相差最大。 相似文献
207.
本文采用三种不同的覆膜抽气模式对填埋场作业面进行除臭试验研究,结果表明:覆膜1.0mm+3台负压车、2条负压管比单层覆膜0.3mm+1台负压抽气车、2条临负压管或覆膜0.3mm+3台负压车对氨气、硫化氢和臭气浓度的去除效果都要更好;但覆膜抽气法对总挥发性有机物(Total Volatile Organic Compounds,TVOC)的去除效果较之前更差,这主要是由于TVOC主要为分子量较大的有机物,扩散较慢,且垃圾堆体在厌氧条件下产生的TVOC浓度更高。 相似文献
208.
Plath M Tobler M Riesch R García de León FJ Giere O Schlupp I 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(12):991-996
Extreme habitats challenge animals with highly adverse conditions, like extreme temperatures or toxic substances. In this
paper, we report of a fish (Poecilia mexicana) inhabiting a limestone cave in Mexico. Several springs inside the cave are rich in toxic H2S. We demonstrate that a behavioural adaptation, aquatic surface respiration (ASR), allows for the survival of P. mexicana in this extreme, sulphidic habitat. Without the possibility to perform ASR, the survival rate of P. mexicana was low even at comparatively low H2S concentrations. Furthermore, we show that food limitation affects the survival of P. mexicana pointing to energetically costly physiological adaptations to detoxify H2S. 相似文献
209.
采用过硫酸钠/双氧水双氧化体系光催化氧化降解水中邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物,考察了过硫酸钠/双氧水的投加比例、紫外光强、溶液pH以及邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)的初始浓度等因素对降解率的影响,并在优化条件下对降解反应的动力学进行了考察。结果表明:室温下,过硫酸钠和双氧水浓度均为0.2mol/L且体积比为1:1,pH=7.0,光照距离为0.5cm,反应80min,DOP降解率达98%以上,反应动力学研究表明,过硫酸钠/双氧水双氧化体系光催化氧化降解水中DOP反应为表观一级。优于相同条件下两种氧化剂单独使用对DOP的降解效果。 相似文献
210.