沈阳市污泥堆存处置过程恶臭预警集成技术研究

为解决沈阳市污泥堆存处置过程恶臭污染管理与预警方面存在的问题,文章研究了污泥恶臭产生条件、污泥堆存处置过程恶臭污染特征,明确了污泥堆存处置过程的恶臭风险因素。应用层次分析法构建了恶臭风险评估与分级预警指标体系,并通过案例分析对指标体系进行了优化,在此基础上开发了恶臭风险评估与分级预警系统软件,为企业恶臭风险管理提供了技术支撑,为环境管理部门提供了科学的监管方法。     

Effects of different pretreatment methods on anaerobic mixed microflora for hydrogen production and COD reduction from palm oil mill effluent

Effects of different pretreatment methods on sludge inocula were evaluated with respect to hydrogen (H₂) production enhancement using palm oil mill effluent (POME) in a batch system. The experimental results showed that the pretreatment methods (chemical, acid, heat-shock, freezing and thawing, and base) at 35 °C and initial pH 5.5 had a positive influence on H₂ production yield and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency during the fermentative H₂ production as compared to the control experiments (without pretreatment). Heat-shock pretreatment method was shown to be a simple and useful method for enhancing both H₂ producing and COD removal processes from POME with highest H₂ yield and COD removal efficiency at 0.41 mmol H₂/g COD and 86%, respectively.     

Effect of crystalline structure on terbuthylazine degradation by H2O2-assisted TiO2 photocatalysis under visible irradiation

Various methods for shifting the optical response of TiO₂ into the visible (Vis) range have been reported. Herein, we reported the application of a TiO₂/H₂O₂/Vis process and the effects of TiO2 crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine. The results indicated that TiO₂ crystalline structure and H₂O₂ addition had significant effects on terbuthylazine degradation: its degradation rate could be increased from 7% to 70% with H₂O₂ addition after 180?min of reaction, the synergistic degradation of terbuthylazine by TiO₂-Fe^{3 +} was substantially accelerated, with the degradation rate reaching up to 100% after 20?min of reaction, and rutile TiO₂ showed better photocatalytic activity and a more obvious synergistic effect than anatase TiO₂. The addition of free-radical scavengers (tert-butyl alcohol or methanol) inhibited the degradation efficiency of rutile TiO₂, but had a relatively minor effect on anatase TiO₂. Fluorescence spectrophotometry analysis indicated that hydroxyl free radicals could be continuously produced when using rutile TiO₂ as the photocatalyst. Degradation of terbuthylazine catalyzed by rutile TiO₂ occurred mainly in solution, but occurred on the particle surface of the photocatalyst when catalyzed by anatase TiO₂. This study provides new insight into the role of TiO₂ crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine and its photocatalytic degradation mechanism.     

Numerical study of the effect of obstacles on the spontaneous ignition of high-pressure hydrogen

A numerical simulation of the spontaneous ignition of high-pressure hydrogen in a duct with two obstacles on the walls is conducted to explore the spontaneous ignition mechanisms. Two-dimensional rectangular ducts are adopted, and the Navier–Stokes equations with a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism are solved by using direct numerical simulations. In this study, we focus on the effects of the initial pressure of hydrogen and the position of the obstacles on the ignition mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that the presence of obstacles significantly changes the spontaneous ignition mechanisms producing three distinct ignition mechanisms. In addition, the position of the obstacles drastically changes the interaction of shock waves with the contact surface, and spontaneous ignition may take place at a relatively low pressure in some obstacle positions, which is attributed to the propagation direction and interaction timing of two reflected shock waves.     

流动注射化学发光法测定环境水样中痕量Pb2+的方法研究

在碱性介质中,鲁米诺和过氧化氢能产生稳定的发光信号,Pb2+-EDTA络合物对鲁米诺-过氧化氢体系的化学发光产生微弱的抑制作用,而表面活性剂吐温-80的加入可以改变发光体系的微环境性质,从而对化学发光体系起到增敏作用。据此建立测定环境水样中痕量Pb2+的流动注射化学发光分析方法。此方法用于测定环境水样中Pb2+的含量,具有检出限高,操作简便,分析速度快等优点。     

生物过滤法脱除硫化氢臭气的研究进展

本文综述了污水处理厂硫化氢（H2S）臭气的主要来源以及浓度范围,然后介绍了生物滤池和生物滴滤池的脱臭机理和工艺,并着重介绍了生物过滤反应器所使用的填料,分析了各类生物脱臭填料在应用中的优缺点以及最近的研究动态。接着介绍了生物过滤系统的主要设计和操作参数,系统地总结了不同生物过滤反应器处理H2S的效果,最后指出了生物过滤系统处理H2S臭气面临的技术挑战和发展方向,包括开发新型填料、改善床层酸化等问题。     

Quantification of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from pig buildings in Korea

The aim of this field study was to determine the concentrations and emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in different types of pig buildings in Korea to allow objective comparison between pig housing types in Korea and other countries. Concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the pig buildings averaged 7.5ppm and 286.5ppb and ranged from 0.8 to 21.4ppm and from 45.8 to 1235ppb, respectively. The mean emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide per pig (normalized to 75kg liveweight) and area (m2) from pig buildings were 250.2 and 37.8mg/h/pig and 336.3 and 50.9mg/h/m2, respectively. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations and emissions were higher in the pig buildings managed with deep-pit manure systems with slats and mechanical ventilation than in other housing types.     

环境空气有组织排放H_2S和CS_2污染源的排查

采用调查和多种检测方法对有组织排放的空气恶臭的物质进行定性分析和定量监测,以证实和确认污染源。在走访受害居民和工业污染源调查的基础上,使用三点比较式嗅袋法、分光光度法、主动式吸附管热解析/GC/MS和不锈钢采样罐/GC/MS法检测空气恶臭的物质的种类和含量,并且通过自动监测仪器长期定点观测污染发生时和消除污染源后空气恶臭的物质含量的变化。结果表明,导致空气恶臭的物质为H2S和CS2,其中CS2为污染源的特征物质,相同时间和地点空气中H2S和CS2的质量浓度相关系数为0.84;污染源下风向空气中H2S含量高,年平均值为0.084mg/m3;不在下风向的空气H2S含量低;清除污染源后其下风向空气中H2S年平均值为0.008 mg/m3,空气不再恶臭。该排查方法为监控有组织排放恶臭的污染源提供了经验和实例。     

CS自由基与O2的反应研究

采用CS2 在 1 85nm光照下产生CS自由基的方法 ,研究了CS自由基与O2 的反应 .在纯CS2 和CS2 O2 体系 ,光解产生的CS自由基中 ,CS2 的量子产额分别为Φ表观 =0 6 2和Φ′表观 =2 0 5、表观速率常数分别为k表观 =8 0 6× 1 0 - 4s- 1和k′表观 =2 72×1 0 - 3 s- 1,并讨论了CS自由基与O2 反应的机理 .研究表明 ,CS自由基与O2 反应的主要产物为COS,SO2 和SO3 ,N2 的加入不影响CS自由基与O2 的反应 .     

Evaluating the impact of sulfamethoxazole on hydrogen production during dark anaerobic sludge fermentation

● SMX promotes hydrogen production from dark anaerobic sludge fermentation. ● SMX significantly enhances the hydrolysis and acidification processes. ● SMX suppresses the methanogenesis process in order to reduce hydrogen consumption. ● SMX enhances the relative abundance of hydrogen-VFAs producers. ● SMX brings possible environmental risks due to the enrichment of ARGs. The impact of antibiotics on the environmental protection and sludge treatment fields has been widely studied. The recovery of hydrogen from waste activated sludge (WAS) has become an issue of great interest. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the impact of antibiotics present in WAS on hydrogen production during dark anaerobic fermentation. To explore the mechanisms, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was chosen as a representative antibiotic to evaluate how SMX influenced hydrogen production during dark anaerobic fermentation of WAS. The results demonstrated SMX promoted hydrogen production. With increasing additions of SMX from 0 to 500 mg/kg TSS, the cumulative hydrogen production elevated from 8.07 ± 0.37 to 11.89 ± 0.19 mL/g VSS. A modified Gompertz model further verified that both the maximum potential of hydrogen production (P_m) and the maximum rate of hydrogen production (R_m) were promoted. SMX did not affected sludge solubilization, but promoted hydrolysis and acidification processes to produce more hydrogen. Moreover, the methanogenesis process was inhibited so that hydrogen consumption was reduced. Microbial community analysis further demonstrated that the introduction of SMX improved the abundance of hydrolysis bacteria and hydrogen-volatile fatty acids (VFAs) producers. SMX synergistically influenced hydrolysis, acidification and acetogenesis to facilitate the hydrogen production.