气相分子仪测定水中的硫化物

用气相分子吸收光谱仪测定水中的硫化物，对其工作曲线、精密度等进行了试验，表明方法简便、快捷、精密度、准确度都较好，适用于各种水质硫化物的测定。     

Stable hydrogen,carbon and chlorine isotope measurements of selected chlorinated organic solvents

Stable hydrogen isotopes of two chlorinated solvents, trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), provided by five different manufacturers, were determined and compared to their carbon and chlorine isotopic signatures. The isotope ratio for delta2H of different TCEs ranged between +466.9 per thousand and +681.9 per thousand, for delta13C between -31.57 per thousand and -27.37 per thousand, and for delta37Cl between -3.19 per thousand and +3.90 per thousand. In the case of the TCAs, the isotope ratio for delta2H ranged between -23.1 per thousand and +15.1 per thousand, for delta13C between -27.39 per thousand and -25.84 per thousand, and for delta37Cl between -3.54 per thousand and +1.39 per thousand. As well, a column experiment was carried out to dechlorinate tetrachloroethylene (PCE) to TCE using iron. The dechlorination products have completely different hydrogen isotope ratios than the manufactured TCEs. Compared to the positive values of delta2H in manufactured TCEs (between +466.9 per thousand and +681.9 per thousand), the dechlorinated products had a very depleted delta2H (less than -300 per thousand). This finding has strong implications for distinguishing dechlorination products (PCE to TCE) from manufactured TCE. In addition, the results of this study show the potential of combining 2H/1H analyses with 13C/12C and 37Cl/35Cl for isotopic fingerprinting applications in organic contaminant hydrogeology.     

交联壳聚糖-CdS颗粒可见光催化脱色甲基橙研究

利用壳聚糖对金属离子的配位络合作用和吸附性能,模拟生物矿化仿生制备交联壳聚糖/CdS复合粒子。以甲基橙为处理对象,氙灯模拟可见光,研究了该复合材料对甲基橙的降解脱色性能。用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程从动力学的角度,考察了不同催化剂浓度、甲基橙的初始浓度、反应体系的pH值、外加无机阴离子等对甲基橙降解脱色的影响。结果表明,该复合材料的吸附性能和光催化活性产生的协同作用能较有效促进甲基橙染料的脱色,在低质量浓度条件下可见光催化过程为假一级反应。光催化剂的最佳用量为1.5g/L,甲基橙降解的最佳pH为4.0。Cl-和Br-均对MO的光催化脱色起抑制作用,而NO3-的添加明显促进MO的光催化速率。     

Review of hydrogen safety during storage,transmission, and applications processes

Hydrogen is considered an excellent clean fuel with potential applications in several fields. There are serious safety concerns associated with the hydrogen process. These concerns need to be thoroughly understood and addressed to ensure its safe operation. To better understand the safety challenges of hydrogen use, application, and process, it is essential to undertake a detailed risk analysis. This can be achieved by performing detailed consequence modellings and assessing risk using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. This study comprehensively reviews and analyses safety challenges related to hydrogen, focusing on hydrogen storage, transmission, and application processes. Range of release and dispersion scenarios are investigated to analyse associated hazards. Approaches to quantitative risk assessment are also briefly discussed.     

Quantified risk assessment on life and property loss from road collision vehicle fires with hydrogen-fueled tank

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles pose hazards different from conventional vehicles. This paper performs a risk assessment on road collision vehicle fires with hydrogen-fueled tank of 70 MPa. The high voltage battery fire caused by road collision can lead to onboard hydrogen release or explosion. Events progressions are analyzed and typical hydrogen consequences are evaluated quantitatively, including hydrogen jet fires and tank catastrophic rupture. Perimeters around the accident scene are proposed for the safety of general public and first responders, respectively. Risks of fatalities, injuries, and damages are all quantified in financial terms to make it possible to combine and compare.     

Sulfate reducing bacterial community and in situ activity in mature fine tailings analyzed by real time qPCR and microsensor

Sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) play significant roles in anaerobic environments in oil sands mature fine tailings(MFTs). Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) is produced during the biological sulfate reduction process. The production of toxic H_2S is one of the concerns because it may hinder the landscape remediation efficiency of oil sands tailing ponds. In present study, the in situ activity and the community structure of SRB in MFT and gypsum amended MFT in two settling columns were investigated. Combined techniques of H_2S microsensor and dissimilatory sulfite reductase β-subunit(dsrB) genes-based real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) were applied to detect the in situ H_2S and the abundance of SRB. A higher diversity of SRB and more H_2S were observed in gypsum amended MFT than that in MFT, indicating a higher sulfate reduction activity in gypsum amended MFT; in addition, the activity of SRB varied as depth in both MFT and gypsum amended MFT: the deeper the more H_2S produced. Long-term plans for tailings management can be assessed more wisely with the information provided in this study.     

厌氧－缺氧－好氧处理城市废水系统缺氧相中的脱氮硫杆菌

利用厌氧－缺氧－好氧处理城市废水的中试规模系统,对其缺氧相中的脱氮硫杆菌进行了研究。结果表明,脱氮硫杆菌的最高脱氮作用率、氧化Na₂S的最高浓度、S^2-的最高污泥负荷率和污泥中脱氮硫杆菌的最高含量（MPN）分别为3.6mg－NO^－₃/gVSS·h、1750mg/L、25mg－S^2-/gVSS·d和1.1×10⁸/gVSS。脱氮硫杆菌在氧化二价硫成硫酸并还原硝酸为氮气的过程中起着相当有意义的作用。     

H_2O_2/草酸铁络合物对有机染料废水的光氧化脱色

研究了400W高压汞灯下有机染料模拟废水的光氧化脱色,实验结果表明:在近紫外光照射下,H_2O_2/草酸铁络合物能使染料迅速氧化脱色,其脱色速率显著高于UV/H_2O_2光氧化;pH在3左右,脱色效果最佳,pH>4脱色率急剧下降;Fe~(3+)、草酸和H_2O_2的浓度以及温度等因素对染料废水的光氧化脱色率均有较大影响;水溶性的单偶氮染料和双偶氮染料光氧化脱色效果最好。     

Influence of H2S and NH3 on biogas dry reforming using Ni catalyst: a study on single and synergetic effect

● NH₃ in biogas had a slight inhibitory effect on dry reforming. ● Coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ led to faster decline of biogas conversion. ● Regeneration was effective for catalysts deactivated under synergetic effect. Biogas is a renewable biomass energy source mainly composed of CH₄ and CO₂. Dry reforming is a promising technology for the high-value utilization of biogas. Some impurity gases in biogas can not be completely removed after pretreatment, which may affect the performance of dry reforming. In this study, the influence of typical impurities H₂S and NH₃ on dry reforming was studied using Ni/MgO catalyst. The results showed that low concentration of H₂S in biogas could cause serious deactivation of catalyst. Characterization results including EDS, XPS and TOF-SIMS confirmed the adsorption of sulfur on the catalyst surface, which was the cause of catalyst poisoning. We used air calcination method to regenerate the sulfur-poisoned catalysts and found that the regeneration temperature higher than 500 °C could help catalyst recover the original activity. NH₃ in the concentration range of 50–10000 ppm showed a slight inhibitory effect on biogas dry reforming. The decline rate of biogas conversion efficiency increased with the increase of NH₃ concentration. This was related to the reduction of oxygen activity on catalyst surface caused by NH₃. The synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃ in biogas was investigated. The results showed that biogas conversion decreased faster under the coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ than under the effect of H₂S alone, so as the surface oxygen activity of catalyst. Air calcination regeneration could also recover the activity of the deactivated catalyst under the synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃.     

飞机起落架材料防护技术现状及研究进展

介绍了飞机起落架高强度钢的防护工艺及其防护特点。传统的防护工艺主要是镀铬和镀镉工艺,目前出现了无氰镀镉-钛、高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)涂层、低氢脆刷镀镉等新型防护工艺。通过对各新型防护工艺与传统工艺的工艺性能及耐腐蚀性能进行对比发现,各新型防护工艺都能很好地取代传统的防护工艺应用于飞机起落架的保护。