CeWOx催化剂协同脱除氮氧化物及氯代芳香化合物的反应机制研究

多污染物协同控制是大气污染控制技术的发展方向.本文以氮氧化物（NO_x）及氯苯（CB）为典型多污染物组分,考察了不同Ce/W比例Ce WO_x催化剂协同脱除NO_x及CB的催化性能及反应特征.其中,Ce₈W₁O_x催化剂表现出最佳的催化活性,在温度为350℃时,NO_x、CB转化率均达到100%.NO_x选择性催化还原（SCR）、CB催化氧化（CBCO）和协同脱除反应（SCR+CBCO）的对比实验发现,协同反应的NO_x和CB转化均受到不同程度的抑制,尤以SCR对CBCO的抑制作用更为明显.TPSR及DRIFT表征证明NH₃和CB之间的竞争性吸附是SCR和CBCO协同反应活性下降的主要原因.Ce WO_x催化剂上CB解离生成的氯经氧空位活化形成Cl·,易导致亲电加氯反应从而促进多氯苯生成.SCR为CBCO提供了额外氢,源于NH₃吸附于Lewi...     

La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-xCoxO3-δ催化剂降低天然气发动机尾气排放的研究

采用喷雾热分解法制备了钙钛矿型催化剂La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-xCoxO3-δ(x=0、0.3、0.5、0.7),利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂进行了表征,在微型固定床反应器上优化了催化剂的B位掺杂Co.在天然气发动机排放试验台架上进行了空燃比特性、CH4排放和发动机尾气排放达标等测试试验.结果表明:在La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-x Co x O3-δ中掺杂适宜量的Co有助于提高催化剂的催化燃烧活性,改善催化剂比表面积和孔容积.当Co掺杂量为0.5时,所形成的La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.5Co0.5O3-δ催化剂对天然气发动机尾气排放物呈现出良好低温催化燃烧活性,对甲烷催化燃烧的起燃温度(T10)、半转化温度(T50)和完全转化温度(T90)分别为175、350和400℃,CO、NO x、非甲烷碳氢化合物(NMHC)和CH4的最大比排放量分别为3.01、1.72、0.31和0.85 g·kW-1·h-1,达到了国Ⅴ排放法规对天然气发动机有害排放物的限值要求,表明了La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.5Co0.5O3-δ适宜用于天然气发动机尾气低温催化燃烧的催化剂.     

Catalytic performance and reaction mechanisms of NO removal with NH3 at low and medium temperatures on Mn-W-Sb modified siderite catalysts

Iron-based catalysts have been explored for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO due to environmentally benign characters and good SCR activity. Mn-W-Sb modified siderite catalysts were prepared by impregnation method based on siderite ore, and SCR performance of the catalysts was investigated. The catalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, H₂-temperature-programmed reduction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry and in-situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The modified siderite catalysts calcined at 450°C mainly consist of Fe₂O₃, and added Mn, W and Sb species are amorphous. 3Mn-5W-1.5Sb-siderite catalyst has a wide temperature window of 180-360°C and good N₂ selectivity at low temperatures. In-situ DRIFTS results show NH₄⁺, coordinated NH₃, NH₂, NO₃⁻ species (bidentate), NO₂⁻ species (nitro, nitro-nitrito, monodentate), and adsorbed NO₂ can be discovered on the surface of Mn-W-Sb modified siderite catalysts, and doping of Mn will enhance adsorbed NO₂ formation by synergistic catalysis with Fe³⁺. In addition, the addition of Sb can inhibit sulfates formation on the surface of the catalyst in the presence of SO₂ and H₂O. Time-dependent in-situ DRIFTS studies also indicate that both of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites play a role in SCR of NO by ammonia at low temperatures. The mechanism of NO removal on the 3Mn-5W-1.5Sb-siderite catalyst can be discovered as a combination of Eley-Rideal and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanisms with three reaction pathways. The mechanism of NO, oxidized by synergistic catalysis of Fe³⁺ and Mn^4+/3+ to form NO₂ among three pathways, reveals the reason of high NO_x conversion of the catalyst at medium and low temperatures.

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