ICP-MS法同时测定地表水中18种金属元素

以115In-103Rh为双内标校正系统,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地表水中铜、锌、硒、砷、汞、镉、铅、铁、锰、钼、钴、铍、锑、镍、钡、钒、钛、铊等18种金属元素,优化了测量同位素、内标元素等试验条件。18种金属元素在0μg/L～100μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.006μg/L～0.123μg/L,标准样品的测定值均在保证值范围内,平行测定的RSD为1.7%～4.2%,实际水样加标回收率为89.0%～100%。     

垃圾填埋场渗出液中有害成分的研究

研究垃圾填埋场渗出液中的有害成分。渗出液样品用适当的方法处理后 ,用气相色谱 -质谱联用方法和原子发射光谱法进行定性分析。然后用原子吸收分光光度法和反相高效液相色谱法定量测定样品中微量的 Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg、苯酚、对甲苯酚、萘、蒽     

徐州市生活垃圾填埋场地下水典型金属污染物研究

在对徐州地区生活垃圾填埋场调查分析的基础上,根据填埋特征和地质状况选取4座典型填埋场为调查对象,采用ICP-MS对垃圾渗滤液及地下水中26种重金属进行监测分析。结果表明,在4个垃圾填埋场地下水及渗滤液中ρ(Sr)均相对较高(700μg/L);地下水中金属元素均正在以Ca,Mg为主向Na,Mg为主转化;地下水中Al,B质量浓度大小顺序为Y场(雁群)S场(睢宁)C场(翠屏山)P场(邳州);4个垃圾填埋场共同典型重金属污染物为Mn,Fe,Zn,Ba;除上述污染物外,Y场地下水潜在典型重金属污染物为Pb和Mo;S场为Mo和As;C场为Tl和Co;P场为As。     

海岛土地与土地系统生态设计刍议

本文依据生态学理论对海岛土地及土地系统生态功能进行了重新的认识,并探讨了海岛土地系统生态设计的依据、原则和模式.设计中强调以土地系统生态保护性功能为主体,以海岛土地系统高层次调合发展作为海岛建设的最终目标.     

Water Quality and Metal Enrichment in Bed Sediments of the Rivers Kali and Hindon, India

Water-quality parameters and concentrations of various metals in bed sediments of the River Kali and the River Hindon in India were analysed to understand their behaviour in subtropical fluvial systems. Variations in the physico-chemical parameters of the river water and metal content in the bed sediments were recorded in four seasons of the year (post-monsoon, winter, summer and monsoon). Results show that water and sediments contain high cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn). Total and soluble Cd and Zn profiles show that in summer, metals in the water phase exist predominantly in the bound form. Cd and Zn in bed sediments increase from the post-monsoon to the summer season. During and after the monsoon season, metal concentrations in sediments fall rapidly. Correlation coefficients of metals in sediments represent their common source and identical behaviour during transport.     

Arsenic tissue concentration of immature mice one hour after oral exposure to gold mine tailings

A potentially high bioavailability of arsenic in gold mine tailings from a site in northern California has been suggested by solubility studies. To help address this issue, an in vivo dosing study was conducted using 12dayold Swiss Webster mouse pups (n=8/group). A sample of sizefractionated mine tailings from the site (<20m particle size, 691g g^–1 arsenic) was prepared as an aqueous suspension and administered by gavage in a volume that provided 4mg As/kg body weight. The control group received the same volume of a commercial soil (1g g^–1 As) of similar particle size (<60m). No mortality or toxic signs were noted in either group. Tissue samples were collected 1h after gavage, freezedried, microwavedigested and analysed for arsenic by ICP/MS (detection limit 2ng As g^–1 dry weight). Arsenic concentrations (ng As g^–1 dry weight) in tissues from the pups who received mine tailings were significantly higher than in control tissues. The mean elevation in arsenic concentration was highest in the liver (3364% of control, p<0.0001), followed by blood (818 of control, p<0.0001), skin (207% of control, p=0.07), and brain (143% of control, p<0.0001). The carcass arsenic concentration (excluding the GI tract, liver, brain and skin) was 138 of control (p=0.02). The data indicate uptake of arsenic from weathered mine tailings by the immature mouse pups after oral exposure.     

自动消解仪-ICP法测定土壤中7种重金属离子实验研究

利用自动消解仪对土壤进行前处理,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)同时测定Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Sr、V、Co七种重金属元素含量的方法。该方法的相关系数均在3个9以上。测定了国家标准物质GBW07429土壤中的元素,测定值与标准值一致,相对标准偏差1.6%~4.5%,检出限0.000 2~0.005 mg/L。利用建立的方法测定了天津市土壤中的七种重金属元素含量,为土壤中重金属元素含量的测定提供了简单可靠的分析方法。     

PDE accident model from a safety information perspective and its application to Zhangjiakou fire and explosion accident

Accident models can provide theoretical frameworks for determining the causes and mechanisms of accidents, and thus are theoretical bases for accident analysis and prevention. The role of safety information in accident causation is profound. Thus, safety information is an important and essential perspective for developing accident models. This study presents a new accident model developed from a safety information perspective, called the Prediction—Decision—Execution (PDE) accident model. Because the PDE accident model is an emerging accident model that was proposed in 2018, its analysis logic and viability remain to be discussed. Thus, the main contributions of this study include two aspects: (i) detailed explanation of the analysis logic of the PDE accident model, and (ii) case-study examination of the Zhangjiakou fire and explosion accident, a serious accident that occurred in China in 2018, to demonstrate the viability of the PDE accident model. Results show that this is a safety-information-driven accident model that can provide a new and effective methodology for accident analysis and prevention, and safety management.     

微波消解－ICP－AES法测底泥中的铜、镍等金属元素

采用微波消解－ICP－AES法测定底泥中的铜、镍等金属元素。通过实验和加标回收率的测定,回收率在88～102％之间。     

ICP发射光谱仪锌元素检出限不确定度分析

依据JJG1059-1999对ICP发射光谱仪锌元素检出限的不确定度进行了评估,分析了影响测量不确定度的各个因素,计算得出ICP发射光谱仪锌元素检出限的扩展不确定度为:U=0.00066(μg.mL-1),k=2。