采用联用技术测定中国海产品中砷的形态

1　IntroductionAtthebeginningof2 0 thcentury ,highlevelsofarsenic～mg·kg-1 werefoundinmarineorga nisms,whichattractedalotofattention ,becausearsenicisoneofthemostnotoriouselementsonaccountofitshumantoxicity.Forthisreason ,thedeterminationofthetotalamount…     

A Gradient Study of 34 Elements in the Vicinity of a Copper-Nickel Smelter in the Kola Peninsula

Concentrations of 34 elements determined by ICP mass spectrometry were studied in surface soil and vegetation along a north–south gradient through the Pechenganickel smelter complex in Kola peninsula, northern Russia. Strong influence from the smelter was evident for Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, mainly associated with dry deposition of large particles. Also for As, Se, Mo, Sb, Te, Bi, and Pb the smelter or associated sources appeared to be distinct contributors of contamination consisting presumably of smaller particles. Significant but less distinct effects leading to enhanced concentration levels were observed for P, S, V, Cr, Zn, and Tl. In the case of Mn, Rb, Sr, Cs, and Ba the concentrations in vegetation were generally lower near the source, which may be due to cation exchange with protons or heavy metal cations in the soil and subsequent leaching from the root zone. For Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Y, Cd, La, Th, and U no particular influence from the smelter complex was observed. Some characteristic differences observed in element concentrations in different plant species and between different years of Pinus sylvestris needles are discussed. The high concentrations observed for many trace elements in the humus horizon indicates that it acts as an active biogeochemical barrier against downward transport of these elements.     

ICP-AES同时直接测定天然水中19种微量元素

研究了天然水中19种金属元素间的干扰,可测μg/L级金属元素.回收率91-103％.     

气溶胶微粒中金属元素在ICP光源中原子化过程的探讨

气动雾化含有酚、甲醛的标样产生气溶胶，因其微粒中金属元素在炬焰中原子化效率的提高，结果ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法的检测能力提高了１～２个数量级。     

热锌镀层钼酸盐钝化膜的电子能谱分析

采用电子能谱技术研究了热镀锌钢表面钼酸盐钝化膜的成分、元素价态及厚度.AES分析结果表明,该膜层厚度在50～100 nm之间;XPS分析结果表明,膜层中P和Zn分别以五价和二价形式存在,而Mo在膜表面以六价存在(MoO3或MoO42-),在膜内同时存在六价(MoO3或MoO42-)和四价(MoO(OH)2)两种价态.从AES深度分布曲线的组成恒定区求得各组成元素的相对原子百分浓度为:Zn 15.1%、Mo28.9%、P 12%、O 44%.     

Changes in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels associated with intrauterine genetic diagnostic procedures

The amount of fetal—maternal transfusion during invasive intrauterine diagnostic instrumentation was determined by measuring the increase in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (Δ AFP) caused by the procedure. Fetal liver biopsy or fetoscopy for purposes other than blood sampling caused a mean Δ AFP of 11.4 ng/ml and 34.2 ng/ml, respectively. Fetoscopy with fetal blood sampling produced a mean Δ AFP of 211.8 ng/ml, while fetoscopy followed by placentesis caused a mean Δ AFP of 462.8 ng/ml (representing a 1.07 ml fetal—maternal transfusion). Although this magnitude of fetal—maternal transfusion is an acceptable risk for the fetus, it is a sufficient transfusion to cause blood cell antigen sensitization.     

Major and trace elemental analysis in milk powder by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA)

Major and trace element in seven different kinds of milk powder were studied. The concentration of 24 elements were determined by ICP-OES method, from these elements 9 elements determined by INAA. The determination of trace element contents of foodstuffs, especially milk as daily drink for all peoples age which being a complex food has great importance. The elemental analysis of milk is important both as an indicator of environmental contamination and because milk is a significant pathway for toxic metal intake and a source of essential nutrients for humans. The major elements are Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S. While trace element are B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se,Sn, Sr, V, W and Zn.ICP-OES technique is shown to be a powerful tool for trace determinations in powder samples. This is shown by its use for analysis of aseries of the milk powders mentioned and comparative results of other direct technique such as instrumental neutron activation analysis. Analysis of both standard reference material A-Ⅱ milk powder and NBS Orchard leaves for quality accurance had been completed, and used for a relative method calculate. The importance of the major and trace elements to human health was discussed     

GJB 150.28—2009酸性大气试验应用中存在的问题探讨

为了使装备研制、环境试验领域相关人员能更好地依据GJB150.28—2009制定试验大纲和组织实施试验,提高试验的质量和有效性。总结了GJB 150.28—2009酸性大气试验标准应用过程中普遍存在的问题,对贮存条件、试验溶液配制、试验样品放置、酸雾沉降率和沉降溶液p H值的测量、转换时间、标准适用范围、使用典型材料代替整个装备进行试验、试验后的外观和腐蚀评价等多个方面问题进行了阐述,并结合MIL-STD-810、ISO 9227、ASTM B117、ASTM G85、NATO AECTP 300、IEC 60068-2-52、GJB 150.11—2009、GB/T 10125等国内外标准的相关内容对这些问题产生的原因进行了分析。一方面指出了GJB 150.28—2009中需要进一步明确的内容,并提出了一些改进意见;另一方面也指出了使用该标准进行酸性大气试验时应注意的事项。提出的建议能够有针对性地解决酸性大气试验应用中存在的问题,为贯彻实施GJB150.28—2009酸性大气标准提供指导,也能为标准的修订提供思路。     

Monitoring of drinking water treatment plants using ICP‐MS

More than sixty inorganic parameters were monitored in the Ter and Llobregat Drinking Water Treatment Plants (DWTPs) using ICP‐MS. Both DWTPs supply approximately four million inhabitants with water in Barcelona and neighbouring areas (NE Spain). The profile of inorganic parameters throughout the treatment process is similar in the Ter and Llobregat DWTPs. Sodium, K, Mg, Ca, Si, Cl^‐, SO₄ ^‐2, Li, Rb, Cs (only in the case of the Llobregat DWTP), Sr, Ba, B, Ti, Cr, V, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Sb, Mo, Pb and U were not removed from raw water. Consequently, no improvement was shown as regards the high salinity of Llobregat raw water which is related to the mining activities on the large salt deposits located in the upper part of the basin. However, P, Fe, Mn, Cu and As were removed during treatment. The results obtained reveal the suitability of ICP‐MS for inorganic water quality monitoring in DWTP.     

Trace element atmospheric pollution in South Albania studied by the moss technique and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Monitoring hazardous air pollutants is needed for understanding their spatial and temporal distribution and ultimately to minimize their harmful effects. For the first time, the moss biomonitoring technique has been applied to air pollution monitoring in South Albania. Moss samples were collected during the period of September–October 2010, and were analyzed for total concentration of the elements Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry. Geographical distribution maps of the elements over the sampled territory were constructed using geographic information systems technology. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to distinguish elements mainly of anthropogenic origin from those predominantly originating from natural sources. Four factors were identified: Factor 1 reflects wind-blown mineral particles or local emissions from industry (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Zn); Factor 2 is related to long-range atmospheric transport of elements or local emissions from industry (Cd, Pb); Factor 3 (Na, Mg) and Factor 4 (K) reflect the natural origin of elements as crustal, marine, and vegetation components.