水中硼测定方法比对研究

对姜黄素分光光度法、甲亚胺-H分光光度法和电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定硼的方法性能进行了比对研究,为硼的测定方法的选择提供了良好的科学依据。     

乌鲁木齐市东南郊一次降雪过程的化学组成及其悬浮态颗粒形态特征

为初步了解乌鲁木齐东南郊降雪的化学组成特征和污染信息,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对2012年2月21~23日降雪中的22种可溶性金属元素浓度进行了测定,并通过扫描电镜能谱技术(SEM/EDX)研究了降雪中悬浮态颗粒物的形态和元素组成.结果表明,此次降雪中重金属含量偏高,其中Se、As、Cd富集因子分别为124.65、57.69和36.70,具有较明显的煤烟型污染特征;后向轨迹聚类分析也表明该时期采样点近地面主要受其西南方向燃煤火电排放烟尘的影响.电镜观察观测结果显示降雪中悬浮态颗粒主要有3种形态,主要以燃煤飞灰和矿物颗粒为主,烟尘集合体大多数为老化或吸湿后形成的较粗的密实颗粒,表明乌鲁木齐东南郊冬季大气中的悬浮态颗粒物主要来自燃煤飞灰和不可溶土壤矿物.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定饮料中的铀

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定饮料中的铀.对不同基质的饮料进行了前处理方法的摸索,从精密度和回收率考察了方法的准确性,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.67%-8.21%(n=6),加标回收率为96.0%-109.0%,方法检出限为0.010μg·l~(-1),方法准确可靠.     

Geochemistry of trace elements in paddy (rice) soils of Sri Lanka – implications for iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) are a common health problem prevalent in the wet zone of Sri Lanka with a prevalence of >25 of the population. In comparison, in the dry zone of Sri Lanka IDD occurs in <10 of the population. Seventy soil samples from 14 villages selected on the basis of the incidence of goitre, were collected and analysed for 13 trace elements using ICP-MS. In order to identify any prevailing differences in antecedent chemical environments, soil samples from each pre-selected village were classified into three groups in terms of their geographical location. Among the elements investigated, the total soil concentrations of Rb, Sr, Ba, Mn and Co are lower in the wet zone of Kalutara. In contrast, total soil Rb, Sr, Ba and Mn contents are higher in the dry zone of Anuradhapura. Further soil total Mo and Nb levels are relatively similar in all pre-selected study locations. The high endemic goitre regions (IDD >25 of the population) show low levels of Rb, Sr, Ba, and Mn and higher levels of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb as compared with moderate and non-goitre areas. Factor analysis was used to exploit the correlation structure present in data and yielded three groups in all cases. This indicated that most transition group elements and iodine are associated with the Mn phase in the low IDD areas whereas iodine shows a high affinity for the organic phase in high IDD regions. The variable distribution of trace elements, therefore, must be due to differences in mobility and capacity for incorporation into the structure of secondary minerals or organic phases.     

常州市春季大气PM2.5中金属元素的分析及污染特征

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法,同时测定大气PM2.5中K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Zn、Si、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、As、Cd和Pb等18种金属元素的分析方法。样品用HNO3+H2O2(5:1)经微波消解系统进行前处理。该方法操作方便,酸用量少,由于是密闭消解,对环境污染也少。经过反复调试,确定了仪器最佳操作条件。结果表明,各种元素标准曲线的线性相关系数均在0.9990以上,方法检出限在0.07 μg/L~1.16 mg/L之间,精密度实验中各元素的RSD均小于7.53%,回收率在91.38%~117.53%之间。该方法能够快速有效地实现多元素同时测定,检测线性范围宽,测试结果准确可靠,可以应用于大气颗粒物中多种金属元素的测定。采用富集因子分析法对常州市大气中PM2.5做来源分析表明,常州市大气PM2.5中,大部元素的富集因子都大于10,其中,Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Co和Pb在各个采样点的富集因子都非常高,表明主要来自于人为污染。     

Detection of technetium-99 in Ascophyllum nodosum from around the Welsh coast

The presence of the radionuclide ⁹⁹Tc in the marine environment is of concern to environmental scientists because of its conservative nature and high concentration factor in commercially valuable species. The brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis was used to biomonitor the spatial distribution of ⁹⁹Tc around the Welsh coast, an area relatively unstudied with respect to this isotope. Over the course of a year an inverse relationship was observed between the ⁹⁹Tc concentration in A. nodosum samples and approximate straight-line distance from Sellafield. These data show that detectable levels of a Sellafield derived radionuclide are reaching the Welsh coast despite the overall northward movement of the Sellafield plume.     

Size distribution and anthropogenic sources apportionment of airborne trace metals in Kanazawa, Japan

Aerosol samples were collected from Kanazawa, Japan to examine the size distribution of 12 elements and to identify the major sources of anthropogenic elements. Key emission sources were identified and, concentrations contributed from individual sources were estimated as well. Concentrations of elements V, Ca, Cd, Fe, Ba, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn, Co and Cu in aerosols were determined with ICP-MS. The results showed that Ca, Mg, Sr, Mn, Co and Fe were mainly associated with coarse particles (>2.1 μm), primarily from natural sources. In contrast, the elements Zn, Ba, Cd, V, Pb and Cu dominated in fine aerosol particles (<2.1 μm), implying that the anthropogenic origin is the dominant source. Results of the factor analysis on elements with high EF_Crust values (>10) showed that emissions from waste combustion in incinerators, oil combustion (involving waste oil burning and oil combustion in both incinerators and electricity generation plants), as well as coal combustion in electricity generation plants were major contributors of anthropogenic metals in the ambient atmosphere in Kanazawa. Quantitatively estimated sum of mean concentrations of anthropogenic elements from the key sources were in good agreement with the observed values. Results of this study elucidate the need for making pollution control strategy in this area.     

等离子发射光谱-质谱(ICP-MS)直接用于饮用水中的砷、锑、硒测定研究

用等离子发射光谱和等离子发射光谱-质谱作比较,等离子发射光谱-质谱用于饮用水As、Sb、Se的测量时需考虑校正系数,通过不确定度分析,确定了ICP-MS测定方法不确定度大小,得出结论:不要氢化物发生器,不加EDTA作为掩蔽剂,也可以直接用于实际.     

Grain size partitioning of platinum-group elements in road-deposited sediments: implications for anthropogenic flux estimates from autocatalysts

Twelve road-deposited sediment samples were analyzed for platinum-group elements (PGEs) and Pb in the <63 microm fraction of an urban watershed in Hawaii. Three samples were further fractionated into five size classes, from 63-125 microm to 1000-2000 microm, and these were analyzed for PGEs and Pb. Concentrations in the <63 microm fraction reached 174 microg/kg (Pt), 101 microg/kg (Pd), 16 microg/kg (Rh), and 1.3 microg/kg (Ir). Enrichment ratios followed the sequence Rh>Pt=Pd>Ir. Iridium was geogenic in origin, while the remaining PGEs indicated significant anthropogenic contamination. Palladium, Pt and Rh concentrations and enrichment signals were consistent with PGE bivariate ratios and PGE partitioning in three-way catalysts. Size partitioning indicated that the <63 microm fraction had the lowest PGE concentrations and mass loading percentages. These data suggest that autocatalyst PGE flux estimates into the environment will be significantly underestimated if only a fine grain size fraction is analyzed.     

Phytoextraction of lead and its relationship with histidine in six plant species using ICP-MS and HPLC-MS

High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) methods were used for determination of histidine and lead in leaves of six plant species taken from industrial areas, including Gaziantep and Bursa cities, Turkey. For extraction of histidine from plant samples, ultrapure water was used at 90°C for 30?min. Using optimum conditions of 0.2?mL?min^?1, 70?V, 15?µL and 20°C, concentrations of histidine (in mg?kg^?1) were found to be between 2 and 9 for Morus L., 6 and 13 for Robinia pseudoacacio L., 2 and 10 for Populous nigra L., 3 and 10 for Thuja, 1 and 11 for Cupressus arizonica and 4 for Cedrus libani. Concentrations of lead were in the ranges of 4–378?mg?kg^?1 for Morus L., 1–122?mg?kg^?1 for R. pseudoacacio L., 1–14?mg?kg^?1 for P. nigra L., 1.6–224?mg?kg^?1 for Thuja (Cupressaceae), 1.5–57?mg?kg^?1 for C. arizonica and 1.8?mg?kg^?1 for C. libani. Related with correlation coefficient, significant linear correlation for Thuja (Cupressaceae) (r?=?0.81) and insignificant linear correlation for P. nigra L. (r?=?0.50) were seen. Further, the leaves of Morus L., Thuja and R. pseudoacacio L. have a potential as biomonitor and/or hyperaccumulator for Pb because the rates of their maximum/minimum concentrations were found higher than 90.