中国环境监测总站内蒙古生态监测分站介绍

2009年12月25日,环保部复函批转了《中国环境监测总站转型发展纲要》,纲要提出,加强“天地一体化”的生态环境监测与评价技术研究,推动国家生态环境监测网络建设,在重要生态功能保护区和典型地区7—9个有条件的环境监测站加挂总站生态环境监测分站牌子,开展遥感与地面监测相结合的生态监测。2010年5月底长沙会议提出,将全面启动能力评价和筛选工作,力争在今明年选出一批挂牌。本文详细介绍了争取加挂总站生态监测分站的内蒙古生态监测分站情况。     

循环流化床干法脱硫除尘一体化工艺去除汞探讨研究

目前,由于人类污染源每年向大气排汞量日益增长,使国际上对汞排放的控制研究成为热点,本文通过理论计算及工程实例说明了循环流化床干法烟气脱硫除尘一体化工艺系统可以有效地控制燃煤电厂汞的排放。     

钙镁磷肥生产富氧空气助燃节能可行性分析

介绍了钙镁磷肥传统生产方法,分析了钙镁磷肥高炉富氧空气助燃的可行性,认为该方法可行。     

吡草醚水解动力学的研究

研究了吡草醚在不同pH和温度条件下的降解动力学情况,以及在三种生态水样和土悬液中的水解情况。结果表明,吡草醚在酸性水环境中比较稳定,在中性和碱性环境中易降解;水解反应速率随反应温度的升高而增大;吡草醚在三种生态水中的降解速率较快,降解半衰期分别为：水库水4．56d,河水3．96d,池塘水1．35d;吡草醚在土悬液中降解较快,这与其碱性条件和含量较高的可溶性碳有关。     

阳泉煤炭开采对区域植被影响范围的3S识别

通过遥感解译识别煤矿区矿地的空间分布,利用G IS的空间分析,以遥感植被指数为基础,对山西省阳泉市煤炭开采活动对矿区植被的影响范围进行了研究。结果表明,煤矿区周边的植被指数随着与矿区距离的增加而增大,增大的幅度与距离呈现对数曲线关系,并在400~500 m的距离开始趋于稳定。从植被条件来看,阳泉地区煤炭开采活动的影响范围是在煤矿生产区边缘往外500 m的空间区域。煤矿区的生态恢复和环境治理工作不应仅限于煤矿生产区,还应往外扩展至其对周边生态和环境产生强烈影响的空间范围。     

A comparative investigation of NdSrCu_(1-x) Co_x O_(4-δ) and Sm_(1.8) Ce_(0.2) Cu_(1-x) Co_x O_(4-δ) (x:0–0.4) for NO decomposition

A series of single-phase T-structured NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ with oxygen vacancies and T -structured Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ (x: 0–0.4) with oxygen excess were prepared using ultrasound-assisted citric acid complexing method, and characterized by means of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and NO temperature-programmed desorption (NO-TPD). The catalytic activities of these materials were evaluated for the decomposition of NO. It was found that the NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ catalysts were of oxygen vacancies whereas the Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ ones possessed excessive oxygen (i.e., over-stoichiometric oxygen); with a rise in Co doping level, the oxygen vacancy density of NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ decreased while the over-stoichiometric oxygen amount of Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ increased. The NO-TPD results revealed that NO could be activated much easier over the oxygen-deficient perovskite-like oxides than over the oxygen-excessive perovskite-like oxides, with the NdSrCuO 3.702 catalyst showing the best efficiency in activating NO molecules. Under the conditions of 1.0% NO/helium, 2800 hr -1 , and 600–900°C, the catalytic activity of NO decomposition followed the order of NdSrCuO 3.702 NdSrCu 0.8 Co 0.2 O 3.736 NdSrCu 0.6 Co 0.4 O 3.789 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 0.6 Co 0.4 O 4.187 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 0.8 Co 0.2 O 4.104 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 CuO 4.045 , in concord with the sequence of decreasing oxygen vacancy or oxygen excess density. Based on the results, we concluded that the higher oxygen vacancy density and the stronger Cu 3+ /Cu 2+ redox ability of NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ account for the easier activation of NO and consequently improve the catalytic activity of NO decomposition over the catalysts.     

Catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, nitrobenzene and oxalic acid in water

Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation using Fe(NO3) 3·9H2O and Co(NO3) 2·6H2O as the precursors,and its catalytic performance was investigated in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid(2,4-DP) ,nitrobenzene and oxalic acid.The experimental results indicated that Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst enabled an interesting improvement of ozonation eciency during the degradation of each organic pollutant,and the Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation system followed a radical-type mechanism.The kinetics of ozonation alone and Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation of three organic pollutants in aqueous solution were discussed under the mere consideration of direct ozone reaction and OH radical reaction to well investigate its performance.In the catalytic ozonation of 2,4-DP,the apparent reaction rate constants(k) were determined to be 1.456×10-2 min-1 for ozonation alone and 4.740×10-2 min-1 for O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3.And O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 had a larger Rct(6.614×10-9) calculated by the relative method than O3 did(1.800×10-9) ,showing O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 generated more hydroxyl radical.Similar results were also obtained in the catalytic ozonation of nitrobenzene and oxalic acid.The above results demonstrated that the catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 in ozonation of studied organic substance was universal to a certain degree.     

Cover crop effects on nitrous oxide emission from a manure-treated Mollisol

Agriculture contributes 40–60% of the total annual N₂O emissions to the atmosphere. Development of management practices to reduce these emissions would have a significant impact on greenhouse gas levels. Non-leguminous cover crops are efficient scavengers of residual soil NO₃, thereby reducing leaching losses. However, the effect of a grass cover crop on N₂O emissions from soil receiving liquid swine manure has not been evaluated. This study investigated: (i) the temporal patterns of N₂O emissions following addition of swine manure slurry in a laboratory setting under fluctuating soil moisture regimes; (ii) assessed the potential of a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop to decrease N₂O emissions under these conditions; and (iii) quantified field N₂O emissions in response to either spring applied urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) or different rates of fall-applied liquid swine manure, in the presence or absence of a rye/oat winter cover crop. Laboratory experiments investigating cover crop effects N₂O emissions were performed in a controlled environment chamber programmed for a 14 h light period, 18 °C day temperature, and 15 °C night temperature. Treatments with or without a living rye cover crop were treated with either: (i) no manure; (ii) a phosphorus-based manure application rate (low manure): or (iii) a nitrogen-based manure application rate (high manure). We observed a significant reduction in N₂O emissions in the presence of the rye cover crop. Field experiments were performed on a fine-loamy soil in Central Iowa from October 12, 2005 to October 2, 2006. We observed no significant effect of the cover crop on cumulative N₂O emissions in the field. The primary factor influencing N₂O emission was N application rate, regardless of form or timing. The response of N₂O emission to N additions was non-linear, with progressively more N₂O emitted with increasing N application. These results indicate that while cover crops have the potential to reduce N₂O emissions, N application rate may be the overriding factor.     

活化铁锰结核的除氟性能研究

通过批实验研究接触反应时间、温度、共存阴离子对除氟效果的影响.结果表明,接触反应时间为48 h时,吸附都将近平衡.温度越高,越有利于氟离子的吸附.Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模式都可以较好地描述氟离子的吸附特性.热力学分析发现活化铁锰结核对氟的吸附为自发的吸热反应.当其他阴离子存在时,会对吸附造成不利影响.柱实验结果表明,活化铁锰结核动态除氟效果很好,性能稳定,机械强度高,易洗脱再生,且洗脱再生后饱和吸附量明显增大.出水中铁、锰含量不超过我国生活饮用水卫生标准.用Thomas模型分析,得到的平均饱和吸附量可达1.340 mg/g.X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析表明,经FeCl3活化的铁锰结核表面附着大量铁的氧化物或氢氧化物.这些铁的氢氧化物或氧化物对水中氟离子的去除起重要作用.     

利用3S技术评价凌河口湿地生态环境质量

基于3S技术,利用中巴地球资源卫星解译数据,于2008年秋季对辽宁省锦州市凌河口湿地自然保护区的土地利用／土地覆盖现状进行野外核查,并结合对湿地进行的鸟类、鱼类、植被状况、空气、水体、土壤状况等调查,采用多样性、代表性、稀有性、自然性、稳定性和人类威胁等6项指标组成的湿地生态环境评价指标体系,对凌河口湿地生态环境质量进行了评价。结果表明,凌河口湿地生态环境处于较好水平。