Adoption of environmental standards in Australia: focus on ISO 14001

This study aimed to explore the adoption of environmental standards in Australia, focusing on ISO 14001. The authors used purposive sampling to select a group of ISO 14001 certified and a group of ISO 14001 non-certified companies. Data were collected through a combination of website searches and content analysis. The study found that, overall, 92.9% of the ISO 14001 certified compared to 78.4% of the ISO 14001 non-certified companies promoted their environmental commitment through various methods. In addition, 33.4% of ISO 14001 non-certified companies (compared to 19.2% of certified companies) used their environmental engagement activities as a marketing tool. Second, 80.9% of ISO 14001 certified companies' and 26.7% of the non-certified companies' reports are easy to find and are clearly stated. The study concludes that Australian companies engage in similar environmental activities irrespective of whether they are ISO 14001 certified or not. Both management and research implications of the study's findings are presented.     

Environmental Management in the Industrial Enterprises of the South of Spain

The eighties were notable for awareness of the need to prevent defects and for orientation towards the client to improve the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. This objective of zero defects has meant for many enterprises a management orientation to zero environmental impact. In this article we analyse the special situation of industrial enterprises in Andalusia (Spain) in the establishment of environmental management systems, proposing a matrix of strategies for their development based on the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.     

中外灭火专业标准体系比较研究

为明确我国灭火专业标准体系发展的方向和重点,分别从灭火剂、灭火器、灭火救援装备、消防通信和灭火救援管理5个方面对我国和国际消防标准化组织、美国消防标准研究机构及协会发布的灭火救援标准共200项进行了比较研究。结果表明,我国固体和液体灭火剂标准处于国际领先水平,但气体灭火剂标准未涉及部分新型卤代烷气体灭火剂;灭火器标准修订情况落后于国际标准;灭火装备类标准数量较多,但不够全面且缺乏系统性;消防通信系统标准落后于目前通信技术的发展;灭火救援管理类标准是我国消防标准化最为薄弱的方面。针对上述问题,对我国灭火专业标准体系的发展和完善提出了改进意见。     

自愿型环境规制:研究进展及未来展望

环境规制工具的选择决定了生态环境保护的成效,环境规制研究也是当前资源环境领域的研究热点之一。根据政府赋予被规制对象自由裁量权空间从小到大,可以将规制工具分为纯粹政府规制、元规制、自我规制、无约束的自由四种类型。既有研究对传统的纯粹政府规制工具给予了大量的关注,相比而言,对元规制和自我规制等自愿型环境规制工具的关注相对较少。已有的自愿型环境规制的研究主要从俱乐部物品理论、制度主义理论、利益相关者理论等视角出发,探讨自愿型环境规制的供给和需求问题。自愿型环境规制工具作为一种俱乐部物品,实践中面临的最大挑战在于如何克服企业的“搭便车”行为。现有的实证研究分别将自愿型环境规制作为自变量和因变量,分别探究①自愿型环境规制对企业环境绩效和经济创新绩效的影响,以及②企业参与自愿型环境规制的内外部动因。对比国内外文献我们发现,目前基于中国的社会经济背景下的自愿型环境规制的研究非常欠缺,这主要是因为中国在环境规制领域具有长期使用纯粹政府规制工具的传统,自愿型环境规制的实践较为欠缺,目前在中国实践较为广泛的自愿型环境规制工具仅有ISO14001环境管理体系以及化工行业的“责任关怀”体系。最后,本文基于现有对于中国自愿型环境规制研究的不足,展望了未来研究可能的方向。我们认为既有对于自愿型环境规制的研究更多关注对企业绩效的因果效应,而对其如何影响企业绩效的因果机制识别不足;此外,现有文献很少将中国特色的政治、经济、社会因素纳入自愿型环境规制的研究领域,未来的研究应当多从这两个方面着手深入。     

火电厂建立ISO14001环境管理体系的工作内容

阐述了火电厂建立ISO14001环境管理体系工作的详细内容及其工作重点，并指出做好此项工作应注意的事项。     

Method of Producing Biodegradable Reference Material and its Biodegradability Based on International Standard Evaluation Method (ISO 14855-2)

Returnable cups made of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are employed as an example of products made of biodegradable plastics. Two kinds of PLA samples plates and powders with different shapes were prepared from PLA cups. The plates were cut from a cup using nippers. Powders were prepared using a rotation mechanical mixer for 45 min. PLA powders were separated by sieves with 60 meshes (250 μm) into a size ranging from 0 to 250 μm. An average diameter of powders separated by a sieve is 169 μm. Biodegradation tests of PLA plates, PLA powders and cellulose powders in controlled compost at 58 °C were performed using a Microbial Oxidative Degradation Analyzer (MODA) instrument according to ISO 14855-2. PLA powders showed almost the same biodegradation curve as that of cellulose powders. PLA plates biodegraded at a slower rate than PLA powders.     

RC 14001：一个更全面的化工行业环境管理体系

RC 14001环境管理体系是由美国化学协会推出的新化工行业的环境管理体系，其源于责任关怀制度并整合了ISO 14001环境管理体系的优点，使责任关怀理念得到进一步发展和延续。文章简要概述了RC 14001的产生原因和特点；责任关怀制度和ISO 14001的各自的发展过程以及责任关怀发展落后与ISO 14001的原因；并对责任关怀和ISO 14001两种环境管理体系作了比较和分析。     

浅淡ISO14001国际标准与国内环境管理制度的结合问题

本文介绍了秦皇岛经济技术开发区实施ISO14001环境管理体系认证,推动开发区经济与环境保护协调发展的一些做法和体会,并研究了实施ISO14001国际标准与遵守我国的环境保护法律、法规、标准和环境管理制度相结合的问题,通过ISO14001标准的实施,解决环境与经济功、调发展的问题。     

A hybrid design methodology for structuring an Integrated Environmental Management System (IEMS) for shipping business

The International Safety Management (ISM) Code defines a broad framework for the safe management and operation of merchant ships, maintaining high standards of safety and environmental protection. On the other hand, ISO 14001:2004 provides a generic, worldwide environmental management standard that has been utilized by several industries. Both the ISM Code and ISO 14001:2004 have the practical goal of establishing a sustainable Integrated Environmental Management System (IEMS) for shipping businesses. This paper presents a hybrid design methodology that shows how requirements from both standards can be combined into a single execution scheme. Specifically, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Axiomatic Design (FAD) are used to structure an IEMS for ship management companies. This research provides decision aid to maritime executives in order to enhance the environmental performance in the shipping industry.     

Advancing urban ecosystem governance in Rotterdam: From experimenting and evidence gathering to new ways for integrated planning

To improve quality of life as well as the adaptive capacity in the city of Rotterdam over the past 15 years there has been a lot of focus on improving green infrastructure and finding new ways for integrated planning. As many cities face similar challenges they are looking for novel approaches in urban ecosystem governance. The Rotterdam case can be an interesting example but can also reveal new questions to be researched.Before local policies and projects where developed a regional and urban green blue vision of how to improve overall quality of life using green infrastructure were developed. This provided policy frameworks for politicians, policymakers and other actors. Later on the same was done with Urban Waterplan 2, using the Rotterdam Watercity 2030 vision document as a basis. This vision was the result of a stakeholder based planning process which was made for the International Architecture Biennale 2005. Within these frameworks many interesting projects have been built and tested in the city and city region; ranging from a) a roof park over a railway yard to connect neighbourhoods to the waterfront, to b) water squares and c) digging new waterways with connected walking and biking routes. To go from projects to an overall implementation at city level required tools and approaches for better decision making. For the ‘Dakpark’ project as well as for the Zomerhofkwartier, the first climate proof neighbourhood in the city, stakeholder sessions were held and plans were drawn together with urban planners and landscape architects. To feed these processes even better and to know what would be an optimal solution for certain challenges, city data were studied and linked to scalable GIS mapping in the ‘smart city planner’. This tool gives the decision maker the possibility to quickly have an overview of an area and can be used in a stakeholder process to provide relevant additional information and to define joint projects. The tool makes it possible to do this for all 90 neighbourhoods in the city.Overall the urban ecosystem governance in the city of Rotterdam has – with trial and error- lead to a series of innovative projects. The next steps are acceleration and scaling up to city and regional level. Valuing the crucial role of green blue infrastructure for several aspects of the quality of life in cities are paramount.