沉积物原位物理洗脱技术对苦草萌发生长的影响

原位物理洗脱技术是一种应用于修复受污染的沉积物的新兴技术,但沉积物洗脱处理后对沉水植物萌发生长的影响尚不明确。通过模拟原位空气洗脱与原位水力洗脱2种典型原位物理洗脱技术,处理富含有机质的沉积物,研究洗脱对苦草萌发和生长指标的影响,以及洗脱后沉积物的理化性质的变化。结果表明:2种方式洗脱后沉积物中苦草种子的萌发率、萌发速度以及幼苗的株高、鲜质量、根数、叶数等指标均优于未洗组,其中水力洗脱后沉积物中苦草的萌发生长状况最好,萌发率是未洗组的2.9倍,株高和根数分别是未洗组的2.29和4.76倍;物理洗脱后,沉积物中氨氮($NH_{4}^{-}$-N)与酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)等还原性物质浓度分别下降34.15%~35.19%和7.67%~44.89%,有机质浓度下降70.04%~77.90%,表层(0~5 cm)沉积物由强还原状态(ORP<-350 mV)改善至弱还原状态(ORP为-200~-100 mV);此外,沉积物中大粒径(50~2 000 μm)颗粒占比增至89.02%~92.84%,有利于上覆水中的O₂向沉积物中扩散,促进苦草的萌发生长。原位物理洗脱尤其是水力洗脱后,沉积物的理化条件更有利于苦草的萌发生长。     

某货车侧翻水污染事件的环境损害评估方法探索

随着我国进入突发水污染事件高发期,面临的水环境形势日益严峻.为了震慑环境污染行为,保证受损的环境资源得到恢复和补偿,量化突发性水污染事件造成的经济损失显得至关重要.本文以重庆市某货车侧翻污染事件为例,构建了一套突发水污染事件环境损害的量化评估方法,并用该方法从财产损害、生态环境资源损害、应急处置行政事务投入费用和调查评估费用这4个方面量化了该事件造成的环境污染损害.     

附着硅藻指数在河流水质监测中的适用性技术研究

对广西龙江和柳江中段共18个样点进行了附着硅藻的采样调查,并采用相关分析法、主成分分析法、最优分割分类法、箱须图法、逐步判别分析法和双向指示种分类法等数学方法研究分析了16个硅藻指数在龙江与柳江中段水质监测中的适用性.结果表明,3次4组不同水质类别中,IPS(Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index)和TDI(Trophic Diatom Index)指数与样点的箱须图都表现出合理的趋势,而且IPS和TDI间、及与环境因子及其他硅藻指数间的相关性显著.表明IPS和TDI适合进行龙江与柳江中段的水质生物监测评价,而本文提出的硅藻指数适用性技术也具有一定的推广价值.     

An investigation of methods for enriching trophoblast from maternal blood

Trophoblast deportation is known to occur in normal human pregnancy, but it is not yet clear whether these cells routinely enter the maternal peripheral circulation and are available as a source of fetal DNA for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. To resolve this issue requires an efficient method of enriching trophoblast from maternal blood combined with a means to confirm its identity. Five different techniques were tested on ten retroplacental blood samples to determine the most sensitive and operator-efficient method. Lysis of red cells alone gave the best recovery of trophoblast but had to be discounted, together with Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, due to the very low purity and the excessive time required. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of pre-enriched trophoblast resulted in the lowest recovery rate (8 per cent) despite a 3250-fold enrichment and a very high purity. Immunomagnetic beads (Dynabeads) coated with anti-CD 16 antibody proved to be the best method for the subsequent immunocytochemical characterization of deported trophoblast. However, IO beads coated with anti-CD45 antibody may be more useful for isolating trophoblast for prenatal diagnosis due to the high purity, enrichment (32-fold), and recovery rate (78 per cent) obtained with this method.     

Mosaicism for trisomy 12: Four cases with varying outcomes

Trisomy 12 observed in chorionic villus sampling (CVS) may reflect generalized mosaicism or indicate mosaicism confined to only the placenta. In this report, four cases of trisomy 12 observed in CVS or cultured placental biopsies with varying outcomes are presented. Seven dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms for chromosome 12 were used to determine the chromosome 12 origins in the fetus or child and to delineate the mechanism(s) that gave rise to the trisomy. In two cases (cases A and C), the mosaicism was confined to the placenta, resulting in normal liveborns. Although, in one case, the molecular results suggested an apparent duplication of one paternal chromosome 12 in the placenta, normal biparental inheritance was found in the diploid fetal cell line in both cases. In two other cases (cases B and D), trisomy 12 was observed in both extraembryonic and fetal tissues. In one of these pregnancies, a child was born by Caesarean section at 37 weeks because of intrauterine growth retardation and oligohydramnios, and resulted in neonatal death. Molecular markers and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed low-level trisomy 12 mosaicism in the spleen. In the fourth case, fetal abnormalities were detected on ultrasound and low-level trisomy 12 mosaicism was observed in amniotic fluid cells using conventional cytogenetics and FISH. Molecular markers revealed a maternal meiosis I non-disjunction of chromosome 12 in DNA from a cultured placental biopsy. Although predicting the outcomes of pregnancies involving confined placental mosaicism remains difficult, molecular techniques are valuable tools for distinguishing uniparental from biparental disomy and mechanisms of mosaicism.     

利用GPRS无线传输，实现我省环境监测传输系统

我省环境监测的远程数据传输也应用多年，但目前普遍存在着设备老化、传输手段落后、设备运行不稳定等状况，急需对现有系统进行换代或改造。通过对目前常用的数据传输方式的比较分析，采用GPRS传输方案实现我省环境监测数据远程传输系统是最优的，是斜学的、可行的。     

海洋中有毒有机污染物的监测方法研究进展

以海洋中有毒有机污染物监测方法的发展为主线,系统介绍了这些方法的前处理和分析手段,简要概述了各监测方法的优缺点。发现了目前已有的监测方法大都仅停留在对各单一目标有机污染物进行化学监测的阶段,指出了需要发展不仅能获得有效的化学监测信息,而且能直接反映多种混合有机污染物对海洋生物的总生物有效性的新的监测方法,以推动我国海洋污染监测的进一步发展,为维护海洋生态系统的健康发展提供可靠的科学方法和理论依据。     

上甸子本底站地面臭氧变化特征及影响因素

利用TE Model 49C型臭氧监测仪,于2004年1月1日-12月31日,在上甸子本底站进行了地面φ(O₃)的连续在线监测.分析了全年φ(O₃)的变化特征及其与同期气象要素的相关关系,并对φ(O₃)高值日的个例分析进行了验证.结果表明,上甸子本底站地面φ(O₃)具有明显的季节变化和日变化规律,并且与同期的气象条件密切相关.主要特征:①夏初φ(O₃)较高,6月的平均值达到最高,小时平均最大值可达129.7 μL/m3;而冬季φ(O₃)较低,12月的平均值达到最低,小时平均最大值仅为32.7 μL/m3.②日变化趋势较为明显,在4:00-7:00出现最低值,在15:00-18:00出现最高值,变化幅度为夏季最大、冬季较小.③气温与φ(O₃)呈显著正相关,夏季相对湿度与φ(O₃)呈显著负相关,风向和辐射强度也与φ(O₃)及其变化规律呈显著相关关系.      

MERCK公司COD试剂的替代品开发

德国MERCK公司制造的COD测定仪器在我国环保行业、科研院所的水质监测工作中应用广泛,但配套试剂价格昂贵,限制了该仪器的使用。实验设计了高量程(100～1500mg/L)和低量程(25～100mg/L)COD替代试剂的开发方案。通过实验,确定了两个量程下COD替代试剂中K2Cr2O7、H2SO4-Ag2SO4、HgSO4的浓度和投加量以及测试方法。实验结果表明,在高量程和低量程范围内,使用COD替代试剂的测试结果与MERCK公司配套试剂的测试结果比较相符,反应时间也可缩短至30min。     

水质监测中的快速传感技术

传感器的发展是水质监测中的关键技术之一。以水质调查对监测技术的需求和相应传感器的发展趋势的分析为出发点,重点介绍了光纤传感器和生物传感器的原理和在水质监测中的应用,指出了快速传感技术应用的重要意义和发展前景。