国外有害废弃物的焚烧处理法

本文介绍了国外确定有害废物可焚烧的基本原则，焚烧方法及其装置操作条件和空气污染控制系统及其排放标准等．     

A simple and convenient empirical survey method with a soil electrical conductivity meter for incineration residue-derived soil contamination

To facilitate field surveys for identifying areas of incineration residue-derived soil contamination, a simple and convenient method with a soil electrical conductivity meter was examined. First, the leaching test specified by Notification No. 13 of the Ministry of the Environment, 1973, was conducted on 506 samples of 11 types of wastes and compost, and the relationship between the concentrations of toxic elements [total Hg (T-Hg), Cd, Pb, Cr⁶⁺, and As] and values of electrical conductivity (EC) was examined. The results showed that bottom ash and fly ash were wastes with high EC values and that these wastes indicated higher levels of toxic elements. Second, an estimation method for the soil EC value of contaminated soil (ECc) was proposed based on the EC values of noncontaminated soil, and its usefulness was examined. The results of field surveys conducted at sites whose soils were suspected of contamination by dioxins and other pollutants derived from incineration residues showed that the contaminated spots and areas were identified by using ECc values. Moreover, comparison of the elemental contents of soils in terms of Cr, Ni, Zn, Na, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and others, in addition to the above-mentioned toxic elements (excluding Cr⁶⁺), with those of the potential sources of pollution was verified to be effective for identifying the source of soil contamination.     

生物淋滤技术处理垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属

介绍了国内外生物淋滤技术在处理垃圾焚烧飞灰方面的研究现状和进展,从选用菌种和影响因素两方面作了详细描述.最后指出研究中存在的问题,并对生物淋滤技术今后的研究重点进行了展望.     

Medical waste management in Korea

The management of medical waste is of great importance due to its potential environmental hazards and public health risks. In the past medical waste was often mixed with municipal solid waste and disposed of in residential waste landfills or improper treatment facilities (e.g. inadequately controlled incinerators) in Korea. In recent years, many efforts have been made by environmental regulatory agencies and waste generators to better manage the waste from healthcare facilities. This paper presents an overview of the current management practices of medical waste in Korea. Information regarding generation, composition, segregation, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes is provided and discussed. Medical waste incineration is identified as the most preferred disposal method and will be the only available treatment option in late 2005. Faced with increased regulations over toxic air emissions (e.g. dioxins and furans), all existing small incineration facilities that do not have air pollution control devices will cease operation in the next few years. Large-scale medical waste incinerators would be responsible for the treatment of medical waste generated by most healthcare facilities in Korea. It is important to point out that there is a great potential to emit air toxic pollutants from such incinerators if improperly operated and managed, because medical waste typically contains a variety of plastic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Waste minimization and recycling, control of toxic air emissions at medical waste incinerators, and alternative treatment methods to incineration are regarded to be the major challenges in the future.     

焚烧法处理高浓度有机废水

采用焚烧法，利用原有２０吨锅炉，处理２４．１ｔ／ｄ高浓度有机废水。经２年多的运行试验，结果表明，在保证锅炉安全运行条件下，把废水冷直接喷射入锅炉焚烧，能解决废水的处理；该方法投资省，焚烧情况良好灰渣及飞灰含碳量均有所降低，对锅炉出力、效率无显著影响。     

多氯联苯类[PCB_s]及被其污染物质的安全处置

简单地介绍了西方国家处理、处置[PCBs]的一些方法.描述了较成熟的焚烧法及工艺条件.阐述了焚烧法在处理、处置有机有害废物中的作用,提出了今后研究方向.     

国外医疗废物焚烧处理管理初探

对国外医疗废物的焚烧处理管理模式及焚烧控制指标进行了初步探讨     

工业固体废物的焚烧处理——实例研究

以天津经济技术开发区工业固体废物的处理为例,分析讨论了焚烧技术在处理工业固体废物中的应用。研究结果表明,选择回转窑焚烧炉对开发区的工业固体废物进行焚烧处理是合理的,可较好地实现工业废物的减量化、无害化的目标以及废物处理资源化的目标。      

水热条件下绿矾稳定垃圾焚烧飞灰的研究

研究了饱和温度为200 ℃的水热条件下绿矾对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定效果,并与常温常压下的稳定效果进行了对比.研究结果表明,高温水热条件有利于Pb特别是Cr(Ⅵ)的稳定,对Cd的稳定无明显影响,同时绿矾的用量大为降低,降低了药剂的成本.     

欧盟废物焚烧指令的研究与借鉴

为进一步完善我国废物焚烧标准体系,防控废物焚烧环境风险,本文对欧盟废物焚烧指令与我国焚烧标准体系进行了对比分析。欧盟废物焚烧指令分别对专用焚烧厂和协同焚烧厂从废物运输到处理处置全过程的污染物排放控制做出了相关规定,适用于危险废物和非危险废物的焚烧以及常规污染物和有毒污染物的控制。欧盟废物焚烧指令对不同规模的焚烧设施采用统一标准,以日均值和半小时均值为污染物排放限值,更客观、准确地评价了污染物排放对环境的影响。与欧盟废物焚烧指令相比,我国废物焚烧标准涉及废物联合利用处置的相关条文较少,内容不详,项目缺失。我国烟尘、HCl的排放限值均在欧盟标准限值6倍以上,SO2的排放限值是欧盟标准的4~8倍。除CO、NOx的排放限值外,其他污染物排放限值也明显高于欧盟标准限值。我国采用抽样监测方法,监测结果可能在日常排放值的95%置信区间外,不具备代表性。我国可借鉴欧盟废物焚烧指令的成果制定协同焚烧标准,并严格污染物排放限值,考虑采用日均值或半小时均值的评价方法,提高我国废物焚烧标准的精确性和可执行性。