Contribution of (222)Rn-bearing water to indoor radon and indoor air quality assessment in hot spring hotels of Guangdong, China

This study investigates the contribution of radon (²²²Rn)-bearing water to indoor ²²²Rn in thermal baths. The ²²²Rn concentrations in air were monitored in the bathroom and the bedroom. Particulate matter (PM, both PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) were also monitored with portable analyzers. The bathrooms were supplied with hot spring water containing 66-260 kBq m⁻³ of ²²²Rn. The results show that the spray of hot spring water from the bath spouts is the dominant mechanism by which ²²²Rn is released into the air of the bathroom, and then it diffuses into the bedroom. Average ²²²Rn level was 110-410% higher in the bedrooms and 510-1200% higher in the bathrooms compared to the corresponding average levels when there was no use of hot spring water. The indoor ²²²Rn levels were influenced by the ²²²Rn concentrations in the hot spring water and the bathing times. The average ²²²Rn transfer coefficients from water to air were 6.2 × 10⁻⁴-4.1 × 10⁻³. The 24-h average levels of CO₂ and PM₁₀ in the hotel rooms were 89% and 22% higher than the present Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) standard of China. The main particle pollutant in the hotel rooms was PM_2.5. Radon and PM₁₀ levels in some hotel rooms were at much higher concentrations than guideline levels, and thus the potential health risks to tourists and especially to the hotel workers should be of great concern, and measures should be taken to lower inhalation exposure to these air pollutants.     

通风速率及源项特性对室内甲醛扩散规律的影响

采用Airpak软件模拟研究在通风速率、源项强度和源项面积多因素作用下的室内甲醛扩散规律。结果表明,在室内甲醛初始为零时,源项散发甲醛后,在2000 s内室内甲醛浓度升高较快,之后处于平衡状态。在通风速率加倍时甲醛最高浓度降低56%,源项强度减半时甲醛最高浓度降低16%,源项散发面积减少37%时甲醛最高浓度降低24%。说明通风速率对室内甲醛浓度的影响最大,其次依次为源项散发面积和源项强度。     

广州东站室内停车场空气中羰基化合物调查

汽车尾气是大气中羰基化合物的主要来源之一.利用实验室已经建立起来的羰基化合物的检测方法,对广州东站室内停车场内空气进行了检测,结果表明,汽车尾气中检测出21种目标化合物,浓度最高的羰基化合物分别是甲醛、乙醛和丙酮,占总的羰基化合物的76.2%(质量分数).     

民用建筑室内环境污染检测及控制方法

室内环境质量的优劣,很大程度上关系到人民群众的生活质量。本文针对目前我国民用建筑室内环境污染的具体实际情况,深入探讨了室内环境污染检测及控制方法,对降低室内环境污染提出了相应的对策和建议。     

Metals in the indoor environment

There is a growing recognition that individual exposures to a broad spectrum of metal, inorganic and organic pollutants exceed those from ambient and in some cases from the vicinity of industry environments. The agents often found in indoor environments are mostly known to be hazardous in high concentrations, but the lower limit of their dose response relationships are poorly defined.

The major sources of metals in indoor environments are cigarette smoke (mainstream and side stream), fuel combustion, house dust and consumer products with arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel being of primary toxicological potential (i.e. carcinogenic, genotoxic and reproductive development). Aspects of levels and duration of human exposure to these elements in relation to existing body burdens and subsequent bioavailability and interactions are generally poorly known from inhalation sources.

Although the magnitude of indoor health hazards to metallic constituents is not now known, mounting evidence suggests that both identification of agents and the measurement of indoor exposures are critical for a more realistic assessment of the effect of this aspect of air pollution on human health.     

室内空气的植物净化效果试验

为探讨植物净化室内空气，吸收污染物的效果，用虎尾兰，君子兰作为试材，开展一系列有针对性的试验。结果表明：在污染物一定浓度范围内。虎尾兰在1周内可吸收室内甲醛总量的64.6％，二甲苯总量的61.4％、总挥发性有机物（TVOC）总量的64.8％；君子兰在1周内可吸收室内甲醛总量的70.1％，二甲苯总量的33.6％，总挥发性有机物（TVOC）总量的56.6％。     

便携式气相色谱法测定室内空气中的苯系物

介绍了FFKM301便携式气相色谱仪在室内空气苯系物现场监测中的应用,通过对便携式气相色谱仪柱温、压力、泵抽时间和反吹时间等条件的讨论,确定了最佳的方法设置:柱温60℃、压力12psi、泵抽时间20s、反吹时间300s,该方法的检出限为10ppb(苯),精密度小于6%,与经典的气相色谱法进行对比试验,相对偏差不超过20%,能够满足室内空气苯系物的监测要求。     

室内环境前沿研究动态

综述了第11次室内环境国际大会的专题报告会、主题发言和热点论坛的内容,梳理分类了专题报告会和热点论坛,指出值得关注的焦点问题、新理念、新动向。     

室内空气污染对人类健康的影响及防治措施

本文通过论述第三污染源室内空气污染对人类健康的危害,并提出了主要防治措施。