泸州市环保产业调查与分析

环保产业作为环境与经济协调发展的关键,是推进生态文明建设的关键举措。通过泸州市2008年环保及相关产业调查,对相关企业规模、结构、从业人员等相关数据进行分析,阐述了环保产业在泸州市经济发展中的作用和存在的问题。并针对泸州市社会经济发展现状,提出了政府调控、统筹规划、加大投入、全力扶持等大力发展泸州市环保产业的建议。     

Secondary ozonides of substituted cyclohexenes: a new class of pollutants characterized by collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization

Recent studies indicate that secondary ozonides of cyclic alkenes are formed in atmospheric reactions and may be relatively stable. The secondary ozonides (SOZs) of cyclohexene (1), 1-methylcyclohexene (2), 4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexene (3) and 4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (limonene) (4) have been characterized by rapid gas chromatography electron ionization (EI), negative and positive chemical ionization (CI: ammonia, isobutane and methane) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry. Both EI and positive CI spectra were found unsuitable for reproducible analysis. However, negative CI showed stable (M−H)⁻ ions with minor fragmentation. CID of the (M−H)⁻ ions resulted in simple and reproducible fragmentation patterns for all four SOZs with loss of m/z 18, 44 and 60, tentatively assigned as H₂O, CO₂ and C₂H₄O₂ or CO₃, respectively. Thus, negative CI-MS–MS in combination with rapid gas chromatography is the preferred method for identification of secondary ozonides of cyclohexenes.     

Red soil for sediment capping to control the internal nutrient release under flow conditions

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) released from the sediment to the surface water is a major source of water quality impairment. Therefore, inhibiting sediment nutrient release seems necessary. In this study, red soil (RS) was employed to control the nutrients released from a black-odorous river sediment under flow conditions. The N and P that were released were effectively controlled by RS capping. Continuous-flow incubations showed that the reduction efficiencies of total N (TN), ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺ -N), total P (TP) and soluble reactive P (SRP) of the overlying water by RS capping were 77%, 63%, 77% and 92%, respectively, and nitrification and denitrification occurred concurrently in the RS system. An increase in the water velocity coincided with a decrease in the nutrient release rate as a result of intensive water aeration.

Open image in new window

     

制备条件对合成针铁矿的影响

考察了溶液酸碱性、老化条件、老化时间以及矿化剂滴加速度等因素对合成针铁矿的影响,通过粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、比表面（BET）及粒度分布测试,旨在找到合成产物结晶程度好、比表面积较大、结晶较为均一且方便操作的适宜制备条件及方法.结果表明,在实验室,采用迅速混合矿化剂,碱性条件下70℃老化48 h以上,可制得结晶程度好,粒度分布均匀,较为均一的雪花状针铁矿.采用逐滴滴加矿化剂,上述条件下可制得结晶程度好,较均匀分布的条柱状针铁矿.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌生物杀虫剂发酵生产的影响因素及其工艺选择

化学杀虫剂的长期使用给生态环境造成了严重破坏,也使害虫种群的抗药性日益提高,生物杀虫剂以其＂绿色环保＂的特点引起人们的广泛关注。其中,苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）制剂是目前世界上产量最大、应用最广的生物杀虫剂。它对鳞翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、螨类等许多有害昆虫有毒杀作用,而对人类、动物和农作物无害。长期以来,人们一直致力于苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵过程的研究,以期获得高毒效的生物杀虫剂产品。本文首先对苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵生产的各种影响因素进行了综合分析,将影响因素分为培养条件和培养基组分两类,得出最佳培养条件为温度：（30±1）℃,pH：7.0±0.1,搅拌速度：400～600r·min-1,通气量：1∶0.6～1.2（发酵培养基体积与每分钟通入空气的体积之比）,接种时间：对数期初;最佳培养基配比为碳氮比：8～10∶1,无机盐含量：KH2PO4或K2HPO4为0.075%～0.2%;MgSO4·7H2O为0.075%～0.3%;CaCO3为0.075%～0.15%;MnSO4·H2O、FeSO4·7H2O各为0.002%。其次,对当前研究与工业化生产中的各种发酵工艺进行了评述,总结了现有发酵工艺的优缺点。在现有研究基础上,降低培养基原料成本、改进发酵工艺和采用基因学手段构建高效工程菌株将成为未来研究热点。     

一株菲降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解条件研究

以菲为研究对象,从克拉玛依稠油污染土壤中筛选到1株对菲具有较好降解效果的菌株JZ3-21。通过形态观察、生理生化指标及16S rDNA序列分析对该菌株进行了鉴定。该株菌的16S rDNA序列与Pseudomonas属的相似性达99%,结合分离菌株的形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA基因序列的分析结果,初步鉴定该菌株为恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida.）。对其降解条件进行了研究,结果表明：在40℃,pH 8.0,接种量为1.5%的条件下,菌株对初始质量浓度为100 mg.L-1的菲在64 h内的降解率高达94.2%。该菌对高质量浓度菲有较好的耐受性,其最高耐受质量浓度可达2 000 mg.L-1。     

Optimized determination of airborne tetracycline resistance genes in laboratory atmosphere

• Sampling parameters with high efficiency was determined. • Operational process to detect airborne ARGs was optimized. • Providing research basis to control airborne ARGs of a laboratory atmosphere Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected in various atmospheric environments. Airborne ARGs transmission presents the public health threat. However, it is very difficult to quantify airborne ARGs because of the limited availability of collectable airborne particulate matter and the low biological content of samples. In this study, an optimized protocol for collecting and detecting airborne ARGs was presented. Experimental results showed that recovery efficiency tended to increase initially and then declined over time, and a range of 550–780 copies/mm² of capture loading was recommended to ensure that the recovery efficiency is greater than 75%. As the cell walls were mechanically disrupted and nucleic acids were released, the buffer wash protects ARGs dissolution. Three ratios of buffer volume to membrane area in buffer wash were compared. The highest concentrations of airborne ARGs were detected with 1.4 µL/mm² buffer wash. Furthermore, the majority of the cells were disrupted by an ultrasonication pretreatment (5 min), allowing the efficiency ARGs detection of airborne samples. While, extending the ultrasonication can disrupt cell structures and gene sequence was broken down into fragments. Therefore, this study could provide a theoretical basis for the efficient filter collection of airborne ARGs in different environments. An optimized sampling method was proposed that the buffer wash was 1.4 µL/mm² and the ultrasonication duration was 5 min. The indoor airborne ARGs were examined in accordance with the improved protocol in two laboratories. The result demonstrated that airborne ARGs in an indoor laboratory atmosphere could pose the considerable health risk to inhabitants and we should pay attention to some complicated indoor air environment.     

STW型生态土壤稳定剂改性土强度试验研究

对STW型生态土壤稳定剂改性重塑土在不同掺量、不同制备方法及不同养护条件下的强度变化进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:STW型生态土壤稳定剂对重塑土无侧限抗压强度具有明显的增强效果,并与试样的制备方法、稳定剂掺量及养护条件有关;5%的掺入量改性效果最佳;在室温下养护72小时其强度提高幅度最大。同时,还对STW型生态土壤稳定剂土质改性机理进行了分析。     

失活商业SCR催化剂在线维护技术

商业SCR催化剂在工业运行过程中由于其复杂的工况条件存在容易中毒、失活的问题, 故利用在线维护技术对其进行活性恢复具有巨大的商业发展前景。为了探究泡沫清洗技术对商业SCR失活催化剂进行在线维护方案的可行性, 采用一系列表征手段对在线维护前、后的失活SCR脱硝催化剂进行了表征分析, 包括SEM、EDS、XRD、BET和XPS等, 并对在线维护最佳的溶液浓度参数进行了探究。研究发现:当稀硫酸浓度为0.4 mol·L^-1, 微孔渗透液质量分数为2%, 活性添加剂质量分数为3%, 在线维护效果最优; 经过在线维护之后, 催化剂团聚现象得到明显改善, 碱金属中毒现象得到缓解, 催化剂氧化性能和表面酸度增强, 催化剂活性因而得到恢复, 其最佳脱硝效率可达92%, 具备良好的工业应用潜力。     

Particle concentrations in data centers

Cooling buildings with large airflow rates of outside air when temperatures are favorable is an established energy-saving measure. In data centers, this strategy is not widely used, owing to concerns that it would cause increased indoor levels of particles of outdoor origin, which could damage electronic equipment. However, environmental conditions typical of data centers and the associated potential for equipment failure are not well characterized. This study presents the first published measurements of particle concentrations in operating data centers. Indoor and outdoor particle measurements were taken at eight different sites in northern California for particulate matter 0.3–5.0 μm in diameter. One of the data centers has an energy-efficient design that employs outside air for cooling, while the rest use conventional cooling methods. Ratios of measured particle concentrations in the conventional data centers to the corresponding outside concentrations were significantly lower than those typically found in office or residential buildings. Estimates using a material-balance model match well with empirical results, indicating that the dominant particle sources and losses have been identified. Measurements taken at the more energy-efficient site show nearly an order of magnitude increase in particle concentration when ventilation rates were high. The model indicates that this increase may be even higher when including particles smaller than the monitoring-equipment size limitation. Even with the increases, the measured particle concentrations are still below concentration limits recommended in industry standards.