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381.
This study experimentally studied the dispersion of exhaled pollutant in the breathing microenvironment (BM) in a room equipped with a displacement ventilation (DV) system and indoor air stability conditions (i.e., stable and unstable conditions). The vertical temperature differences and the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the BM were measured. Results show that when DV is combined with the stable condition (DS), pollutant tends to accumulate in the BM, leading to a high pollutant concentration in this region. Whereas, when DV is combined with the unstable condition (DU), pollutant diffuses to a relatively wider area beyond the BM, thus the pollutant concentration in the BM is substantially reduced. Moreover, increasing the flow rate can reduce the pollutant concentration in the BM of the DS but yields little difference of the DU. In addition, personal exposure intensity increases with time, and the DS has a relatively higher increase rate than DU. The results suggest that indoor air stability will affect the performance of DV systems. DS will lead to a higher health risk for people when they stay in the indoor environment with pollutant sources, and DU is recommended for minimizing pollutant level in the BM in order to reduce the pollutant concentration and providing better air environments for the occupants. 相似文献
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384.
Phosphorous (P) fraction characteristics in sediment resuspension were investigated under adequately hydrodynamic conditions.
Four forms of P in overlying water, including dissolved inorganic P, dissolved total P, total P, and particulate P, and six fractions of
P in suspended particulate matter (SPM), including loosely sorbed P (NH4Cl-P), redox-sensitive P (BD-P), aluminum-bound P (Al-
P), organic P (NaOH-nrP), calcium-bound P (Ca-P) and residual P (Res-P), were quantified, respectively. Di erent hydrodynamic
conditions resulted in di erent P form changes. Four states could be ascribed: (1) P desorption by sediment and SPM, and P adsorption
by overlying water; (2) P desorption by SPM, and P adsorption by overlying water; (3) P adsorption by SPM, and P desorption by
overlying water; and (4) P equilibrium between SPM and overlying water. The contents of P in overlying water acquired peak values
in the middle position of the vertical P distribution due to the combined actions of SPM and sediment. P fractions in SPM were in the
following order: BD-P > NaOH-nrp > Ca-P > Al-P > Res-P > NH4Cl-P. BD-P in SPM frequently exchanged with P forms in overlying
water. Resuspension was favorable to forming Ca-P in SPM. 相似文献
385.
Jinping Ou Qihou Hu Haoran Liu Shiqi Xu Z.huang Wang Xiangguang Ji Xinqi Wang Zhouqing Xie Hui Kang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(1):75-83
New particle formation(NPF) events are an increasingly interesting topic in air quality and climate science. In this study, the particle number size distributions, and the frequency of NPF events over Hefei were investigated from November 2018 to February 2019. The proportions of the nucleation mode, Aitken mode, and accumulation mode were 24.59%,53.10%, and 22.30%, respectively, which indicates the presence of abundant ultrafine particles in Hefei. Forty-six NPF events occurred during the obser... 相似文献
386.
Biodegradation has become a popular alternative remediation technology for its economic and ecological advantages. An aerobic bacterium (strain ZW) capable of degrading αup-pinene was isolated from a biofilter by a selective enrichment. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis and physiochemical properties, this strain was identified as Pseudomonas veronii. Under the optimized condition achieved by the response surface methodology (RSM), as well as pH 6.82, temperature 26.3\textcelsius and NaCl concentration 1.36%, almost 100% αup-pinene could be removed within 45 hr. Enzymatic biodegradation by the crude intracellular enzyme could be described well by the Michaelis-Menten model in which the maximum degradation rate Vmax and the half-saturation constant Km were calculated to be 0.431 mmol/(L. min) and 0.169 mmol/L, respectively. Activity assay of catechol suggested that the strain ZW possessed a catechol-1,2-dioxygenase and could decompose benzene-ring through ortho ring cleavage. Based on the identified intermediates by GC/MS, a new metabolic pathway was proposed, in which the final metabolites were some simpler organic and inorganic compounds. The present work demonstrated that the strain ZW would have a great application prospect for the remediation of αup-pinene-contaminated environment. 相似文献
387.
通过对北京城区3类不同下垫面的降雨径流水质进行监测以及对实验数据进行皮尔森(Pearson)统计分析,探讨了沥青路面、硬质屋顶及草地屋顶的雨水径流污染物历时变化规律,计算了各场次降雨径流污染物的事件平均浓度(EMCs),分析了径流水质的主要影响因素.结果表明,相对于沥青路面与硬质屋顶,草地屋顶对除磷外的其他径流污染物浓度有明显削减作用;初期降雨径流中CODcr、NH3-N、NO3-N、TP、Pb、Cu、Zn的EMC值大多超出V类国家地表水标准,3类重金属污染物监测结果也表明城区暴雨径流污染明显;统计分析结果表明污染物质与前期晴天数、降雨历时呈现正相关关系,与降雨量、降雨强度呈现负相关关系,通过控制初期径流污染、加强清扫及屋顶绿化可以从源头减少城市降雨径流污染. 相似文献
388.
This research was focused on the investigation of the efficacy of advanced oxidation processes (Fenton,ozonation and UV/H_2O_2) for decolorization of reactive azo dye (Blue CL-BR) using bleach wastewater as possible source of H_2O_2.All the experiments were performed on the laboratory scale set-up.The results showed that colour removal efficiencies by UV or bleach (H_2O_2) alone were not so efficient.Fenton process with bleach wastewater was found to be the most effective at process conditions such as pH of 3 and H_2O_2/Fe~(2 ) ratio of 24:1,resulting in 64% colour removal.Almost complete colour removal,i.e.,99% and 95% were achieved by UV/H_2O_2 and UVfoleach wastewater in 30 and 60 min,respectively.Ozonation proved an efficient method for decolorization of Blue CL-BR dye at alkaline pH.It was possible to achieve 98% colour removal with 30 min of ozonation at pH 9.The colour removal of dye was found to follow first order kinetics. 相似文献
389.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is identified as an important instrument for facilitating environmental protection and sustainable development. However, since its emergence there has been a growing interest in examining its translation from theory into practice. This paper reviews the translation of mitigation measures proposed in environmental impact statements (EISs) into planning conditions at two platinum mining and processing projects along the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe. By comparing mitigation measures proposed in EISs and those included in environmental management plans (EMPs), examining views of environmental managers and local residents, as well as field observations the mitigation implementation status is verified and evaluated. Results show that 52% of mitigation measures proposed in EISs and mostly procedural are translated into planning conditions. Residents near the platinum processing plant were not satisfied with the mitigation of sulphur dioxide, dust and noise impacts on their health. The need to incorporate and enforce substantive mitigation measures in EISs and planning conditions is recommended for the future. 相似文献
390.
对陇东地区进行社会经济条件调查,得出陇东地区内有庆阳市和平凉市两大城市,以2013年统计数据为准,庆阳市和平凉市平均人口密度分别为97人/平方千米和219人/平方千米,均高于甘肃省平均人口密度(61人/平方千米);陇东地区生产总值达947.29亿元,占甘肃省生产总值的15.11%,属经济发达地区;且陇东地区含有丰富的煤炭和石油资源;可以得知陇东地区区域人口密度高,经济发达,资源丰富。从社会经济条件分析,陇东地区不适合作为中国高放废物粘土岩地质处置库预选区。 相似文献