复杂地质条件下某高层建筑基础方案比选

某高层建筑位于内蒙古赤峰市,地下1层,地上11层。本文通过对该高层建筑的工程地质勘察资料进行分析,结合本工程所属的地质条件、本地区常用的施工方法,预估本工程可能采用的基础方案,进行分析比较,最终对基础方案进行评价和优选。     

北京市2015年森林植被区PM10质量浓度时空变化特征

以北京市大兴区南海子公园植被区与亦庄非植被区为研究对象,对比分析了植被区与非植被区PM₁₀质量浓度日变化、月变化特征及典型天气条件下的变化.结果表明：PM₁₀浓度的日变化趋势基本相同,呈典型的双峰曲线,春、夏季的峰值出现在9：00-10：00和18：00-19：00,秋、冬季的峰值出现在8：00-9：00和18：00-19：00,且秋、冬季PM₁₀浓度高于春、夏季;植被区与非植被区的PM₁₀月变化趋势基本一致,植被区PM₁₀浓度低于非植被区,且2月份PM₁₀浓度最大;各季节优良天气排序为夏季（42.60%）> 秋季（31.10%）> 春季（26.43%）> 冬季（15.17%）,中度及以上污染天气所占比例排序为冬季（55.52%）> 春季（27.57%）> 秋季（17.77%）> 夏季（3.58%）;PM₁₀浓度随降雨强度的增加呈减小的变化趋势,雨前12 h的PM₁₀浓度均值表现为植被区（106.43 μg·m^-3）<非植被区（157.39 μg·m^-3）,雨后12 h的PM₁₀浓度均值表现为植被区（50.96 μg·m^-3）>非植被区（38.41 μg·m^-3）;PM₁₀浓度随风速的增大呈减小的变化趋势,风后12 h的非植被区PM₁₀浓度削减率均值是植被区的1.23倍,且PM₁₀浓度削减率均处于较高水平;PM₁₀浓度随空气湿度的增大呈增大的变化趋势,随温度的升高呈减小的变化趋势.研究结果对进一步治理和控制北京市大气污染有参考价值.     

Driving exposure by driver age in Michigan

Background

This study compared driving exposure between two high-crash-risk groups (16–17 and 18-24-year-olds), with a low-crash-risk group (35-64-year-olds). In addition, patterns of association between driving exposure measures and demographic and driving behavior variables were examined.

Methods

Respondent's total miles, minutes, and trips driven were calculated within a 48-hour period, using state-wide survey data collected in 2004 and 2005.

Results

The youngest drivers drove fewer miles and minutes, but a comparable number of trips as the two older groups. Employment and high vehicle access were associated with greater driving exposure for 16-17-year-olds and 18-24-year-olds. Employment, high household income, large household size, and low vehicle access were associated with greater driving exposure for 35-64-year-olds. More driving was done alone than with passengers present and during the day than at night across all ages. There was a positive association between two driving exposure measures (miles and minutes driven) and demographic and driving behavior variables, which did not extend to trips driven.

Discussion

Driving exposure is directly related to stage of life. The entire sample of 16-17-year-old respondents were in high school, which directly influenced their driving times, destinations, and purpose. Those aged 18–24 years displayed driving behavior patterns that were closer to the older drivers, while retaining some differences. The oldest drivers were likely to be shouldering the greatest household responsibilities, and their greater driving exposure may reflect this reality.

Impact on industry

These findings provide new information about driving exposure for two high-risk and one low-risk group of drivers. They also raise concern over potential workplace safety issues related to teens’ higher driving exposure, and concomitant crash risk, related to being employed. Future research should examine this issue more carefully so that evidence based recommendations can be made to enhance the safety of teens who are employed, especially those who are employed as drivers.     

Determinants of noise annoyance in teachers from schools with different classroom reverberation times

A high proportion of school teachers report that they are disturbed by noise during teaching. The aim of the study was therefore to identify determinants of self-reported noise exposure and disturbance attributed to noise among secondary school teachers (n = 419) in 10 schools in Copenhagen, Denmark. The schools were selected to show contrasts in classroom reverberation times (RT), and were classified as “Short RT” (3 schools, mean RT 0.41–0.45 s), “Medium RT” (3 schools, mean RT 0.51–0.55 s) and “Long RT” (4 schools, mean RT 0.62–0.73 s). Significant determinants of self-reported noise exposure were a high number of children in the class, young age of the children, and low teacher seniority. “Long RT” classification was of borderline significance. Significant determinants of disturbance attributed to noise from children in the class were teacher seniority and “Long RT” acoustic classification of the school. The associations between work characteristics and noise disturbance measures were attenuated by low self-rated work capacity, suggesting that the consequences of noise and poor acoustics may not be limited to disturbance attributed to noise, but may have a wide negative impact on the perceived working environment.     

Interactions between cod, herring and sprat in the changing environment of the Baltic Sea: A dynamic model analysis

The interactions between cod (Gadus morhua), herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the Central Baltic Sea were examined with a simple dynamic model, an alternative to more complicated and data-demanding multispecies and ecosystem models. The main aims of the study were to compare the effect of alternative structures on the model output and examine the control relationships in the fish assemblage under different environmental conditions. The effect of environmental conditions was modelled using a stock-recruitment equation for cod incorporating an environmental index. The model output was especially sensitive to the functional response in predation by cod on herring and sprat. The type II functional response led to a collapse of the clupeid stocks when cod was abundant, while the type III response produced more realistic stock dynamics. According to the simulations, an abundant cod stock was able to keep the sprat stock at a low level, while the herring stock was less affected and benefited from the decreased density of sprat. Simulation of different fishing scenarios indicated that reducing fishing mortality to the level currently advised by ICES would allow the recovery of the cod stock even in unfavourable environmental conditions.     

米埔湿地冬季鸟类对气象及生态质量响应研究

为探讨气象及生态气象质量与湿地生态系统内鸟类变化的关系,文章以香港米埔湿地为例,利用米铺湿地1979—2009年留鸟人工观测数据、香港天文台公布气象数据和以2000—2009年4期等时间间距研究区的景观变化数据,分析湿地内留鸟数量对研究区气象及生态气象质量变化的响应。结果表明：（1）湿地留鸟数量与温度和最低能见度时数相关性显著,与降水量和月均日照时数变化相关性较小;（2）5种生态气象评价指数（EMI）与同期鸟类数量的相关性分析表明,留鸟与综合生态评价指数（ECAI）呈正相关。其中与水体指数（WDI）正相关系数最大,与土地利用退化指数（LDI）负相关系数最大,相关系数分别为0.88和-0.85;而与湿润指数（HI）和植被指数（VDI）相关性较小。研究表明,保护生态环境,调节气候变化幅度,对保护留鸟的生存空间,延续生物的生态平衡具有重要意义。     

Biodegradation of organochlorine pesticide endosulfan by bacterial strain Alcaligenes faecalis JBW4

The recently discovered endosulfan-degrading bacterial strain Alcaligenesfaecalis JBW4 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain is able to use endosulfan as a carbon and energy source. The optimal conditions for the growth of strain JBW4 and for biodegradation by this strain were identified, and the metabolic products of endosulfan degradation were studied in detail. The maximum level of endosulfan biodegradation by strain JBW4 was obtained using broth at an initial pH of 7.0, an incubation temperature of 40℃ and an endosulfan concentration of I00 mg/L. The concentration of endosulfan was determined by gas chromatography. Strain JBW4 was able to degrade 87.5% of α-endosulfan and 83.9% of β-endosulfan within 5 days. These degradation rates are much higher than the previously reported bacterial strains. Endosulfan diol and endosulfan lactone were the major metabolites detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; endosulfan sulfate, which is a persistent and toxic metabolite, was not detected. These results suggested that A. faecalis JBW4 degrades endosulfan via a non-oxidative pathway. The biodegradation of endosulfan by A. faecalis is reported for the first time. Additionally, the present study indicates that strain JBW4 may have potential for the biodegradation of endosulfan residues.     

室内空气品质评价

介绍国内外有关室内空气品质的评价方法，着重介绍CFD和多区域两类模拟方法。     

长江下游经济带经济发展的条件与投资导向

在宏观分析长江下游经济带（九江以下）发展的有利条件和不利因素的基础上，选取经济基础、生产管理、基础设施劳动力素与科教实力、主要资源和环境质量状况六大影响区域经济发展的主要因素，对划分的上海、南京、杭州、宁波、扬通、芜湖和安九七个区段经济发展的条件进行了分层次的比较分析与评价，并依据评价结果与原有拉业基础，提出各区段适宜的产业重点投资方向。     

船舶造成大气污染的控制

根据MARPOL 73/ 78公约附则Ⅵ《防止船舶造成空气污染规则》 ,结合陆上有关大气污染防治技术 ,对船舶造成大气污染控制的现状进行讨论 ,并对中国在该附则生效前应做工作提出了建议