青岛大气颗粒物数浓度变化及对能见度的影响

为研究青岛地面大气颗粒物数浓度的变化及对能见度的影响,2010年9月~2011年8月使用便携式light house激光粒子计数器进行了大气颗粒物数浓度观测,利用Hysplit模式计算大气颗粒物的后向轨迹,运用统计分析方法初步探讨了气象因子对大气颗粒物数浓度和能见度的影响.结果表明,青岛大气颗粒物数浓度冬春最高,秋季次之,夏季最低;源自新疆、甘肃一带的气团颗粒物数浓度偏高,而来自于东北方向及海上的大气颗粒物数浓度较低;大气颗粒物数浓度变化与风速、相对湿度和混合层高度的变化呈现较好的负相关关系.当气团来源于西或西北方向,地面风向为南到东南风且混合层高度较低时,细粒子数浓度较高,容易出现低能见度现象.     

厌氧消化器启动条件的试验研究

本试验分种泥选择、启用条件研究和验证试验三步骤。把试验中的产气量作为有机物降解程度的参数指标。结果表明,消化器启动时的优化工艺条件为:消化污泥与浓缩污泥按1∶1混合;废水稀释0.8倍;启动起始负荷为0.25kgCOD/kgVSS.d;相应体积负荷为3kgCOD_(cr)/m~3·d;废水厌氧发酵的最佳pH6.8—7.4。     

装备统一环境试验条件研究

通过梳理武器装备运输、贮存、发射和飞行等任务环境剖面,分析任务环境剖面对应的环境特征和实测环境数据,研究建立武器装备统一环境试验条件的可行性。研究结果表明,武器装备运输振动、冲击环境以及飞行振动、噪声环境剖面结合实测数据可以建立统一环境试验条件。     

试论我国煤矿区生态环境现状及综合整治战略

本文分析了我国煤矿区生态环境现状，并对之进行了分类，指出了当前我国煤矿区生态环境境保护工作中存在的主要问题，提出了我国煤矿区生态环境综合整治战略。     

Impacts of climate warming on reindeer herding require new land-use strategies

Climate in the Arctic has warmed at a more rapid pace than the global average over the past few decades leading to weather, snow, and ice situations previously unencountered. Reindeer herding is one of the primary livelihoods for Indigenous peoples throughout the Arctic. To understand how the new climate state forces societal adaptation, including new management strategies and needs for preserved, interconnected, undisturbed grazing areas, we coupled changes in temperature, precipitation, and snow depth recorded by automatic weather stations to herder observations of reindeer behaviour in grazing areas of the Laevas Sámi reindeer herding community, northern Sweden. Results show that weather and snow conditions strongly determine grazing opportunities and therefore reindeer response. We conclude that together with the cumulative effects of increased pressures from alternative land use activities, the non-predictable environmental conditions that are uniquely part of the warming climate seriously challenge future reindeer herding in northern Sweden.     

我国室内氡污染现状及相关控制标准

氡是仅次于吸烟的第二大致肺癌因素,对人体健康有较大危害。通过对我国室内氡研究的相关文献资料进行的汇总和分析,表明近20年来我国室内氡浓度明显增高,并有继续增高的趋势,讨论了我国室内氡浓度控制标准及相关研究进展,并在此基础上提出了我国室内氡在环境毒理学、污染控制、标准体系方面研究的建议。     

浅谈室内装修污染及其防治

介绍了室内装修污染现状,分析了室内装修环境主要污染物的类型、危害及来源,并探讨了室内装修污染的原因,同时提出了防治室内装修环境污染、改善环境质量的几点防治对策.     

Economic Conditions,the Policy Cycle,and Media Visibility of Environmental Organizations

The extent to which social movements have access to the news media has important implications on the capability of social movements to communicate with and garner support from the public. Factors that shape movement organizations' media visibility thus deserve scholarly attention. This article deals with news coverage of environmental movement organizations (EMOs) in Hong Kong and focuses on the impact of economic conditions, the policy cycle, and the number of EMOs in society on media visibility of EMOs. Analysis of a data-set constructed based on archival data and official statistics illustrates that all three factors influence media visibility of EMOs through media attention to environmental issues, while the number of EMOs and economic conditions also affect media visibility of EMOs directly. In-depth interview data are then used to supplement the quantitative analysis by showing how movement activists perceive and respond strategically to the structural factors. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.     

Cloud point extraction coupled with HPLC-UV for the determination of phthalate esters in environmental water samples

A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine phthalate esters including di-ethyl-phthalate （DEP）, di- （2-ethylhexyl）-phthalate （DEHP） and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate （DCP） in environmental water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection （HPLC-UV）. The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen as extraction solvent. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Triton X-114 and Na2SO4, equilibration temperature, equilibration time and centrifugation time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method can achieve preconcentration factors of 35, 88, 111 and detection of limits of 2.0, 3.8, 1.0 ng/ml for DEP, DEHP and DCP in 10-ml water sample, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of phathalate esters in effluent water of the wastewater treatment plant and the lixivium of plastic fragments.     

Kinetic analysis and bacterium metabolization of α-pinene by a novel identified Pseudomonas sp. strain

Biodegradation has become a popular alternative remediation technology for its economic and ecological advantages. An aerobic bacterium (strain ZW) capable of degrading αup-pinene was isolated from a biofilter by a selective enrichment. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis and physiochemical properties, this strain was identified as Pseudomonas veronii. Under the optimized condition achieved by the response surface methodology (RSM), as well as pH 6.82, temperature 26.3\textcelsius and NaCl concentration 1.36%, almost 100% αup-pinene could be removed within 45 hr. Enzymatic biodegradation by the crude intracellular enzyme could be described well by the Michaelis-Menten model in which the maximum degradation rate V_max and the half-saturation constant K_m were calculated to be 0.431 mmol/(L. min) and 0.169 mmol/L, respectively. Activity assay of catechol suggested that the strain ZW possessed a catechol-1,2-dioxygenase and could decompose benzene-ring through ortho ring cleavage. Based on the identified intermediates by GC/MS, a new metabolic pathway was proposed, in which the final metabolites were some simpler organic and inorganic compounds. The present work demonstrated that the strain ZW would have a great application prospect for the remediation of αup-pinene-contaminated environment.