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841.
842.
采用热带爪蟾胚胎测定江苏省常州市8家典型行业工业废水的发育毒性,结果显示:各行业工业废水对爪蟾胚胎的发育均有不同程度的影响,而印染、啤酒、电镀和化工行业出水的发育毒性更强。试验表明,理化指标并不能完全反映工业废水的综合毒性,而热带爪蟾胚胎可有效地表征其发育毒性。比较各行业工业废水的毒性,初步探讨热带爪蟾胚胎用于工业废水毒性检测的可行性。 相似文献
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845.
基于人体健康风险评估的冶炼行业污染场地风险管理与决策流程 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
简述了冶炼行业污染场地风险管理和风险评估流程。在借鉴国内外相关经验和教训的基础上,结合我国冶炼行业的特点,提出了基于层次性人体健康风险评估的冶炼行业污染场地风险管理与决策框架体系,利用该框架体系,通过层次性风险评估,可以筛选风险大的场地进行重点监管,并采取有针对性的措施防治污染扩散及消除对人体和生态环境的风险,从而经济有效地实现对冶炼行业污染场地的监管。 相似文献
846.
城市污水二级出水中溶解性有机物特性分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分别采用凝胶色谱、亲疏水性组分分离、荧光色谱等方法,研究了城市污水处理厂二级出水中溶解性有机物的分子量分布、亲疏水组分含量以及荧光光谱特性。结果表明,二级出水中疏水性组分较亲水性组分多,疏水性组分约占总有机物的64.3%,而亲水性组分占35.7%左右;二级出水及其不同亲/疏水组分中溶解性有机物分子量分布基本集中在4.5 kDa以下,其中弱疏水性组分和亲水性组分中主要为分子量小于1.5 kDa的有机物;二级出水溶解性有机物中含有腐殖酸类、富里酸类以及蛋白质类物质,其中含量以腐殖酸类为主。 相似文献
847.
《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):687-696
Organic amendments are sometimes applied to agricultural soils to improve the physical, chemical, and microbiological properties of the soils. The organic fractions in these soil amendments also influence metal reaction, particularly the adsorption and desorption of metals, which, in turn, determine the bioavailability of the metals and hence their phytotoxicities. In this study, a Quincy fine sandy (mixed, mesic, Xeric Torripsamments) soil was treated with 0 to 160 g kg?1 rates of either manure, sewage sludge (SS), or incinerated sewage sludge (ISS) and equilibrated in a greenhouse at near field capacity moisture content for 100 days. Following the incubation period, the soil was dried and adsorption of copper (Cu) was evaluated in a batch equilibration study at either 0, 100, 200, or 400 mg L?1 Cu concentrations in a 0.01M CaCl2 solution. The desorption of adsorbed Cu was evaluated by three successive elutions in 0.01M CaCl2. Copper adsorption increased with an increase in manure rates. At the highest rate of manure addition (160 g kg?1 soil), Cu adsorption was two-fold greater than that by the unamended soil at all rates of Cu additions. With increasing rates of Cu additions, the adsorption of Cu decreased from 99.4 to 77.6% of Cu applied to the 160 g kg?1 manure amended soil. The desorption of Cu decreased with an increase in rate of manure amendment. Effects of sewage sludge amendments on Cu adsorption were somewhat similar to those as described for manure additions. Likewise, the desorption of Cu was the least at the high rate of SS addition (160 g kg?1), although at the lower rates there was not a clear indication of the rate effects. In contrast to the above two amendments, the ISS amendment had the least effect on Cu adsorption. At the highest rate of ISS amendment, the Cu adsorption was roughly 50% of that at the similar rate of either manure or SS amendments, across all Cu rates. 相似文献
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849.
Inna E. Popova Rosemarie D. R. Josue Shiping Deng Jeffory A. Hattey 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(5):298-305
Annually, millions pounds of antibiotics are released unmetabolized into environment along with animal wastes. Accumulation of antibiotics in soils could potentially induce the persistence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antibiotics such as tetracyclines and tetracycline-resistant bacteria have been previously detected in fields fertilized with animal manure. However, little is known about the accumulation of tetracyclines and the development of tetracycline resistance in semi-arid soils. Here we demonstrate that continuous land application with swine effluent, containing trace amounts of chlortetracycline, does not necessarily induce tetracycline resistance in soil bacteria. Based on the testing of more than 3,000 bacteria isolated from the amended soils, we found no significant increase in the occurrence and level of chlortetracycline resistant bacteria in soils after 15 years of continuous swine effluent fertilization. To account for a possible transfer of tetracycline-resistant bacteria originated from the swine effluent to soils, we analyzed two commonly found tetracycline resistant genes, tet(O) and tet(M), in the swine effluent and fertilized soils. Both genes were present in the swine effluent, however, they were not detectable in soils applied with swine effluent. Our data demonstrate that agronomic application of manure from antibiotic treated swine effluent does not necessarily result in the development of antibiotic bacterial resistance in soils. Apparently, concentrations of chlortetracycline present in manure are not significant enough to induce the development of antibiotic bacterial resistance. 相似文献
850.
为了获取优化的污水除磷工艺,基于前期对白云石石灰结晶流化床去除厌氧消化上清液中磷的工艺条件和参数的初步探究,考察了不同酸化程度下白云石石灰释放Mg2+、Ca2+的效果,并根据MAP反应特点,选择出酸化液体积为5、6.5和10 m L,分别对应n(Mg)/n(P)为0.6、1.4、2.2进行后续实验。利用响应面法(RSM)对白云石石灰结晶流化床强化除磷工艺的影响因素进行分析和探讨,考察了p H值、n(Mg)/n(P)与停留时间(HRT)(分别记为X1、X2、X3)及各因素之间交互作用对磷去除率的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱对产物进行表征,得出最佳工艺参数为p H=9.5、n(Mg)/n(P)=2.2、HRT=3.0 h。RSM法所建立的回归模型显著,实验精准度、精密度和可信度均在合理范围内,回归方程中X1、X2、X3、X1X2、X1X3、X21、X22、X23对磷去除率影响显著。产物MAP晶形较好,但由于废水的碱度较大(20 mmol/L),产物中含有大量的Ca CO3沉淀。 相似文献