塔里木河下游第五次应急输水后地下水恢复量的计算

依据塔里木河下游应急输水前与第五次第一阶段输水后地下水的监测资料,分析了输水前后地下水位的响应特征:地下水位在应急输水前持续下降,呈近似水平状态;输水后则由于接受了河道渗漏的补给,地下水位表现出逐次回升的趋势且受输水的影响,宽度(距离河道)也随之加大。在此基础上,逐断面拟合了第五(I)次输水后地下水位与离河距离的二次多项式方程,同时运用地下水水均衡的原理,推导了计算地下水净恢复量的数学公式,并以此为工具对第五(I)次输水后地下水的净恢复量进行了计算。     

Evaluation of an Infiltration Best Management Practice Utilizing Pervious Concrete1

Abstract: A pervious concrete infiltration basin was installed on the campus of Villanova University in August 2002. A study was undertaken to determine what contaminants, if any, were introduced to the soils underlying the site as a result of this best management practice (BMP). The average infiltration rate at the site is approximately 10^?4 cm/s. The drainage area (5,208 m²) consists of grassy surfaces (36%), standard concrete/asphalt (30%), and roof surfaces (30%) that directly connect to the infiltration beds via downspouts and storm sewers. Composite samples of infiltrated stormwater were collected from the vadose zone using soil moisture suction devices. Discrete samples were collected from a port within an infiltration bed and a downspout from a roof surface. Samples from 17 storms were analyzed for pH, conductivity, and concentrations of suspended solids, dissolved solids, chloride, copper, and total nitrogen. Copper and chloride were the two constituents of concern at this site. Copper was introduced to the system from the roof, while chloride was introduced from deicing practices. Copper was not found in porewater beneath 0.3 m and the chloride was not significant enough to impact the ground water. This research indicates that with proper siting, an infiltration BMP will not adversely impact the ground water.     

微生物堵塞过程中生物膜生长特征对多孔介质渗流特征影响

为研究回灌水刺激下生物膜在砂柱中的生长规律,并分析生物膜生长特征对堵塞介质典型渗流特征的影响,采用室内土柱实验方法,供给营养液刺激砂柱内生物膜生长,模拟入渗介质生物堵塞的过程,监测介质渗透系数的变化,并开展不同回灌时长下介质水分吸持实验和弥散试验,并对其内生物膜形态进行表征.结果显示,在0~5h时,渗透系数呈先下降后回升趋势;在回灌至18h前,渗透系数急剧衰减,水力弥散系数明显增大,水分吸持能力的变化并不明显;18h后渗透系数降低速率减缓,水分吸持能力明显升高,溶质运移过渡到以弥散作用为主导机制.综上,可将生物膜在介质内的生长分为三个阶段:菌适应期,接种菌体并未生长繁殖,单纯由于菌体的流入与流出引起渗透系数的变化;菌体大量生长繁殖期,大量生长繁殖的菌体占据了部分介质孔隙体积;胞外聚合物大量分泌期,逐渐形成具有透水性的生物膜,生物膜的生长与回灌水提供的养分形成动态平衡.     

Comparing Contaminant Removal Costs for Aquifer Recharge with Wastewater with Water Supply Benefits

The use of waters of impaired quality has been suggested as a means to expand available water resources supply for water‐limited communities. An ongoing concern is the safety of supplies that use wastewater because of the potential for introduction of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals into drinking water supplies. Prior research into contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) have included a variety of methods, but the only consistent removal is with reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, ultraviolet light (UV), and advanced oxidation processes (AOP). However, few of these prior studies have measurable quantities of these contaminants in the influent wastewater, so determining actual removal percentages is difficult. This project was designed to evaluate the removal of CECs to verify that a 3‐log removal of common constituents was realized. Spike testing was used to compare to prior research and to evaluate whether the project costs were competitive with other forms of reuse or other water supplies. The combination of RO/UV/AOP was effective at obtaining a 3‐log removal of CECs, but the RO and UV/AOP processes alone were not capable of removing all substances. However, despite the extensive treatment, the proposed process was both competitive cost‐wise and met the water quality goals.     

A GIS-based DRASTIC vulnerability and net recharge reassessment in an aquifer of a semi-arid region (Metline-Ras Jebel-Raf Raf aquifer, Northern Tunisia)

This paper aims to elaborate new generic DRASTIC aquifer vulnerability maps of the coastal aquifer of Metline-Ras Jebel-Raf Raf (Northeast of Tunisia) using the GIS technique, making the data analyses easier to handle and providing better capabilities of dealing with large spatial data. A similar study was carried out in 1999 in the same aquifer using a method based on the soil water balance equation to determine the net recharge parameter. Unfortunately, the lack of data in the study area made the results unsatisfactory. By applying the Williams and Kissel equation and the Rao relationship, we intend to demonstrate that we could correctly evaluate the net recharge parameter. Moreover, new data related to the aquifer hydraulic conductivity, the soil cover and the vadose zone lithology have become available, and allowed us to elaborate suitable DRASTIC maps.