Design and analysis of artificial bee-colony-based MPPT algorithm for DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems

In this article, the proposed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is designed by taking rotor speed as an optimization problem, which is solved by artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to generate the maximum power output. The main advantage of this algorithm is that its optimal solution is independent of the initial positions and requirement of lesser number of control parameters, which leads to simple and robust MPPT algorithm than other algorithm. Furthermore, the hill climb search and particle swarm optimization-based MPPT algorithm are also discussed and the results obtained by these are compared to verify the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. Simulations for MPPT control along with doubly fed induction-generator-based wind energy conversion system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Three statistical methods are used to evaluate the accuracy of each MPPT algorithm. All results are analyzed and compared under randomly selected wind as well as real wind speed configuration. Comparison of both numerical and simulation results under two different varying wind speed conditions strongly suggest that the proposed ABC-based MPPT algorithm is superior than other two MPPT algorithms.     

北京西三环地区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布

2012年3-8月对北京西三环地区大气颗粒物进行分级采样,利用气相色谱(GC)/质谱(MS)联用仪对颗粒物中多环芳烃(PAHs)含量进行测定.结果表明,检出的16种PAHs总质量浓度(∑16PAHs)平均为46.73ng/m3;苯并[a]蒽(BaA)等6种单体浓度与∑16PAHs呈良好线性关系;PAHs粒径分布特征表明,其更易富集在细颗粒物上;不同环数PAHs分布特征为:3环＞4环＞5环＞6环＞2环,随着颗粒粒径减小,高环数PAHs含量增加.温度、湿度和紫外线(UV)指数与∑16PAHs呈负相关.通过特征化合物比值分析法对PAHs进行源解析发现,采样期间PAHs主要来源为燃烧源,交通源影响微弱.     

露天采矿飏尘扩散防治用风障的模拟分析

基于某露天矿坑飏尘防治用风障工程,建立数学物理模型进行数值模拟探究风障（含人工风障和防护林带）对大型露天矿坑飏尘的防护效果。运用计算流体动力学软件Fluent并选取高雷诺数下k-ε模型用SIMPLE算法进行计算,得到风障周围的流场及压力场的分布,从而分析人工风障和防护林带后沿流水平距离变化时不同高度间相对风速的变化,得出位于人工风障后位置越低,防护效果越强,当y=0.2 h时,约为初始风速的50%,且当气流深入林带后其防护效果增强,在进入后水平距离4 h’时,相对风速约为初始风速的30%。     

粗粒料湿化变形数值模拟研究

粗粒料湿化变形特性对土石坝静力稳定有着显著影响。目前开展的三轴试验和直剪试验研究,一般只能进行干样和饱和样的试验,而对于非饱和情况研究较少。基于粗粒料不同围压下湿化变形试验研究成果开展数值模拟研究,结果表明:湿化变形的影响可以通过改变细观剪切模量和细观摩擦系数来实现;随着颗粒破碎随饱和度和围压的增加,湿化后粗粒料的强度低、内聚力降低,但摩擦角变化不大。     

餐厨垃圾自然升温堆肥工艺研究

为研究餐厨垃圾发酵生产有机肥的可行性,优化堆肥发酵工艺,对堆体C/N、辅料、翻堆频率、粒径和pH值等可变因素进行了堆肥研究,结果表明,餐厨垃圾堆肥发酵的最佳条件为:C/N 20～27,以粒径<5 mm的稻草为辅料,含水率(65±5)%,翻堆频率1次/d(以保持堆体温度不超过70℃),一个堆肥周期内翻堆15～20次,堆肥周期为20 d左右。产品理化指标检测符合有机肥料标准(NY525-2002),且堆肥工艺重复性好,生产成本低,具有较高的应用价值。     

铅蓄电池厂铅污染土壤清洗剂的筛选及清洗结果研究

为探索不同清洗剂对铅蓄电池厂区内铅污染土壤的去除效果及铅在不同粒径土壤清洗过程中的行为,本研究通过设定清洗剂的浓度梯度,对土样粒径分级、设定清洗时间等方法进行研究。结果显示EDTA和EDDS对铅具有最佳去除率(B点土107.19%和96.49%);盐酸对A点土最佳铅去除率为49.57%,B点、C点土在99.03%和89.93%;柠檬酸对3点位土的铅去除率最大为39.51%;鼠李糖脂对3份土铅去除率均低于10%。EDTA和EDDS在高浓度铅的去除中表现优势;柠檬酸适合去除中低浓度铅;盐酸的使用需考虑土壤本身情况。粗沙粒和细沙粒中的铅去除率高,粉粘粒的铅去除率低;最佳清洗时长为240min。此外,土壤本身理化性质对清洗剂效果的发挥有影响,清洗剂浓度过高可能降低清洗效率。该研究可为铅污染土壤清洗技术提供科学依据。     

泥石流暴发频率与其形成区块石粒径的关系

泥石流是山区常见的地质灾害之一,重大的泥石流灾害往往是由低频率泥石流造成的。通过对四川省西部地区17条泥石流沟的野外实地考察,测量了泥石流沟道内不同位置的块石粒径,研究了泥石流形成区、堆积区粗大块石粒径与泥石流暴发频率之间的关系。通过统计调查研究,得出坚硬岩石地区的块石粒径较大,泥石流暴发频率较低的结论,并初步给出由块石岩性、粒径来判定泥石流暴发频率的方法。用块石岩性和块石的平均粒径推测该泥石流沟的暴发频率,在低频泥石流的判断上简单可行,较为实用：可以通过查询地质图、判断主要岩性、对块石粒径赋值、选取影响因素进行修正、判定泥石流暴发频率。为深入研究低频率泥石流的形成机理提供了基础数据,为有效地预测和防治低频率泥石流提供了依据     

Atmospheric organochlorine pesticide (OCP) levels in a metropolitan city in Turkey

Air concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured at four different sites in Bursa, Turkey to determine current levels. For this purpose, about 35 samples were collected from June 2008 to June 2009 using a high volume air sampler (HVAS) equipped with particle and gas-phase units. Ten OCP compounds (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-hexachlorocyclohexane, Heptachlor epoxide, Endrin, Endosulfan beta, Endrin aldehyde, p,p′-DDT and Methoxychlor) were reported within the scope of this study. The average concentrations of total (particle + gas) ∑OCPs were 550.9 ± 277.6 pg m⁻³ (coastal), 1030.7 ± 453.5 pg m⁻³ (urban/traffic), 519.7 ± 277.5 pg m⁻³ (semi-rural) and 722.8 ± 351.8 pg m⁻³ (urban/residential). The individual OCP concentrations were in line with reported concentrations. The maximum particle and gas-phase concentrations were determined for Endosulfan beta and beta-HCH for all sites, respectively. Available gas/particle partitioning models were applied in order to investigate the compatibility of the experimental data and the significant relationships were observed.     

Coarsening of extracellularly biosynthesized cadmium crystal particles induced by thioacetamide in solution

A novel coarsening route for extracellularly biosynthesized cadmium nanocrystals was investigated for the first time. In this process, the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor was employed to take up cadmium ions and synthesize extracellular cadmium crystal particles. The coarsening of the particles was induced by thioacetamide under certain conditions. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the formed cadmium crystal particles were coarsened from about 100 nm to 2-3 μm. The corresponding energy-dispersive X-ray spectra confirmed the presence of proteins in the particles. The maximum removal efficiency of Cd(II) increased from 17% to 87%, and the corresponding sorption capacity of biomass increased from 4 to 24 mg g⁻¹ with the completion of the coarsening process. The properties of the coarsened particles were also examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD analysis of fungal mycelial pellets embedded with the coarsened particles confirmed the formation of cubic crystalline cadmium sulfide particles. The TEM results suggest that the coarsened particles were composed of clusters of several smaller particles. The changes in the functional groups on the biomass surface were studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the results above, a possible mechanism for the formation and coarsening of cadmium crystal particle is also discussed.