电除尘器反电晕现象的模拟试验研究

研究了电除尘过程中的反电晕现象及其对ESP工作的影响，对现有抑制反电晕的措施进行了分析总结，提出了使用合理的极配方式来减弱反电晕的影响，以期能促进ESP在收集高比电阻粉尘方面的应用。     

Removal and recycling of copper from aqueous solutions using treated Indian barks

Removal of copper from aqueous solutions containing 100–1000 ppm, using different Indian bark species, was performed on laboratory scale. The percentage removal of metal ions depends on the solution pH, bark species and time. The efficiency of copper removal by the used raw barks increases with a rise of solution pH and reaches a maximum of about 65–78% around pH 4–5. However, the decontaminated aqueous solutions were colored due to the dissolution of soluble organic compounds contained in the raw bark. This increases the biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD) of the solutions as well as the total organic carbon content (TOC). For this reason, raw bark should be treated either by chemical or biological means. Such treatment will allow the extraction of the soluble organic compounds and increase the chelating capacity and efficiency of the treated bark. Depending on the pH value, the chelating efficiency of treated barks is about 1.2–2.2 times that of the raw ones. Moreover, the retention capacity of the Indian treated bark varies from about 42–51 mg/g of dry bark. It is equal to or higher than that of common European species. About 1.8 mols of H₃O⁺ are released, by the treated barks, for every mol of chelated copper ions. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations show uniform distribution of metal ions throughout the copper saturated bark. Infra red (IR) spectra suggest that the copper ions are chelated to hydroxyl and/or carboxyl functional groups of organic compounds contained in the treated bark. It seems that the interaction of the copper ions with the bark follows a cation exchange mechanism. This hypothesis is supported by elution experiments that allow recovery of about 99% of the contained copper. The retention capacity of the treated bark is almost constant after five cycles of chelation–elution, suggesting that the ‘life time cycle' is sufficiently long for continuous industrial application. The spent copper loaded barks can either be incinerated or pyrolysed. It generates solids containing either ≈80% of CuO or ≈14% of Cu°, respectively. Such materials can be used either in the secondary or primary copper production, thus offering a friendly environmental solution of effluents' treatment. The suggested process can be used as an alternative to the classical technologies for effluent decontamination. It is also efficient for polishing effluents treated by other methods.     

锑电极测试油田污水pH值方法的试验研究

为了在线测试中原油田污水水质改性后碱性废水的ｐＨ值,进行了锑电极酸度计测试油田污水ｐＨ值方法的试验研究。该酸度计主要由刮板电机、清洗刮板、温度测量电极、锑电级、参比电极、防护罩等组成。室内实验中锑电极测定两种标准缓冲液的ｐＨ值,当温度小于６０℃时,最大绝对误差为０．２３;温度为７０℃时为０．４６。在采油二厂濮二联合站进行半年的现场监测对比实验,相对于标准电极,该电极测量的最大绝对误差为０．３２,相对误差３．９％,比玻璃电极和复合电极精密度略低,但能够满足现场监测要求,且寿命较长。     

闽南地区酸雨特征及其亚硝酸根检测

概括介绍了闽南地区酸雨的分布和特征 ,阐述了几种快速、灵敏、稳定测定亚硝酸根离子传感器的制备及应用。     

光电催化降解2,4-二氯苯酚的研究

采用Sol-Gel法制备了纳米TiO2／导电玻璃薄膜电极，应用XRD表征了TiO2薄膜的物相和粒度，以上述电极为工作电极和光催化剂，研究了2，4－二氯苯酚溶液的光催化和光电催化降解行为，结果表明，外加阳极偏压为0．7V，时间100min时，光电催化降解率为85％，高出光催化降解25％，2，4－DCP初始浓度（C0）与反应速率（r0)的关系符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程，当C0≤0．50mmol.L^-1时，光电催化降解速率可用一级动力学模式来描述。     

富氧条件下氢部分选择性催化还原NO研究

研制成功了低钯含量活性非均布Pd Al2 O3催化剂 ,实现了富氧条件下 ,氢部分选择性催化还原NO过程。实验表明在该催化剂上 ,低温、富氧条件下NO的转化率高达 80 %～ 10 0 %。室温下 (～ 2 0℃ ) ,NO对氢氧反应有强烈的抑制作用 ,氢氧反应进行后 ,NO还原反应开始明显进行 ,其与氢氧反应为竞争的平行反应     

长芒刺电除尘器收尘性能及离子风效应研究

通过长芒刺电除尘器与普通线板式电除尘器的收尘性能比较,认为长芒刺电晕极所产生的较强离子风是导致长芒刺电除尘器除尘效率提高的主要原因。在建立芒刺尖到接地极板间的电场分布模型基础上,提出了悬挂小球法测定离子风的试验方法。通过采用滑石粉、石膏和塑料3种材料的小球对离子风的测定,结果表明,在芒刺尖到收尘极板中部场强为2～4kV/cm范围内,离子风速约为2～6m/s。     

天然沸石去除氨氮研究

研究了生物膜、悬浮物对天然沸石去除氨氮的影响及其沸石去除氨氮的主要途径。结果表明，沸石去除氨氮主要是离子交换作用，吸附很小，可忽略不计；由于生物膜对氨氮的同化作用，使得有生物膜的沸石对氨氮的交换容量高于无生物膜，其等温交换曲线换符合Freundlich吸附等温式：y/m=KC^l/n；沸石的吸附容量随着悬浮物浓度增高而降低，2者呈负指数关系；悬浮物对沸石离子交换的影响主要在孔扩散控制阶段，在膜扩散控制阶段影响较小；如果停留时间较短（少于3h)，悬浮物对沸石离子交换的影响不大。     

苯酚及苯二酚类催化氧化的色谱电化学法测定及研究

研究了1:12磷钼杂多酸(PMo_(12))修饰电极对苯酚及苯二酚类(对苯二酚、间苯二酚和邻苯二酚)的催化氧化作用,以及苯酚和苯二酚类在涂敷十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)的C_(18)键合固定相上的分离方法,采用修饰电极色谱电化学法对其进行分离检测。对苯二酚、邻苯二酚、间苯二酚及苯酚的线性范围依次为4.0×10~(-11)mol/l-2.0×10~(-8)mol/l、4.0×10~(-11)mol/l-2.0×10~(-8)mol/l、8.0×10~(-11)mol/l-2.0×10~(-8)mol/l、8.0×10~(-11)mol/l-2.0×10~(-8)mol/l;检测限依次为2.10×10~(-11)mol/l、2.0×10~(-11)mol/l、4.0×10~(-11)mol/l和4.0×10~(-11)mol/l。平行测定8次,相对标准偏差依次为1.7％、3.3％、2.9％和4.4％。方法可用于化工厂废水中苯酚及苯二酚类的测定。     

人工合成P型沸石对NH4^＋交换特性研究

应用由粉煤灰合成的P型沸石研究对NH_4~ 交换的热力学和动力学特性。结果表明,P型沸石阳离子交换总量为264meq/100g,在其整个阳离子组成范围内对进入的NH_4~ 具有高的选择交换性,该交换过程能自发沿着正方向进行,随着温度的增高,其交换能力也增强。Na~ =NH_4~ 交换过程具有较优越的动力学特性,在16℃和32℃时,P型沸石中NH_4~ 自扩散系数分别为7.14×10~(-10)和1.12×10~(-9)cm~2·s~(-1);活化能为20.74kJ·mol~(-1);活化熵分别为-88.26和-88.71J·(mol·°K)~(-1);自由能分别为43.85和45.26kJ·mol~(-1)。