离子色谱法测定地表水和饮用水中亚氯酸盐、溴酸盐和氯酸盐

采用KOH梯度淋洗离子色谱法测定地表水和饮用水中ClO2-、BrO3-和ClO3-,在试验确定的条件下,3种离子与F-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO2-4、Br-、I-等7种离子分离度良好。 ClO2-、BrO3-、ClO3-在50．0μg/L～1000μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限分别为5．2μg/L、8．9μg/L、7．6μg/L,环境水样加标平行测定的RSD分别为2．1％～5．4％、4．1％～5．4％、2．5％～4．8％,两个质量浓度水平加标的平均回收率分别为93．7％～96．5％、90．3％～94．8％、98．7％～111％。     

离子选择电极法测定水中氯化物

采用离子选择电极法测定水中氯化物,通过试验确定参比溶液、离子强度调节剂的配制,并用添加氯离子氧化剂和离子浓度调节剂的方法排除干扰离子对测定的影响,使得复合氯离子电极测得的能斯特曲线响应系数为93．2％。标准品的加标回收率为99．8％±0．6％,测定结果的 RSD为0．4％。用该方法与国标硝酸银滴定法同时测定实际水样,两方法的测定值绝对误差在允许范围内。     

离子色谱法在环境分析中的应用

对离子色谱法在环境分析中的应用、优缺点进行了综述,并对其在环境分析中的发展前景作了评估。     

MnOX/ACF低温选择性催化还原烟气中的NO

进行了MnOX/ACF(活性炭纤维)对低温选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的影响研究.实验表明,ACF先经浓酸预氧化,然后再负载MnOX催化剂,对NO脱除率的提高较明显,并且以20%(质量分数)HNO3预氧化处理的效果最佳.比较了相同制备条件和相同负载量下的MnOX/ACF和V2O5/ACF的催化效果,认为在同等条件下MnOX的活性高于V2O5.考察了不同负载量的MnOX对NO脱除率的影响,较理想的MnOX负载量为12%(质量分数).在此基础上就不同的催化剂质量和烟气流速比(W/F)对NO脱除率的影响进行了研究,结果表明,在低温、W/F为2～3 mg/(mL·min-1)时NO的去除率较高.     

三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法去除废水COD实验研究

以对苯二酚模拟废水为处理对象,研究了三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法,并对三维电极法、Fenton法及三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法去除废水COD的效率进行了对比,结果表明,三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法处理效率明显高于普通Fenton法和三维电极法.且最佳工艺条件下,三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法对模拟对苯二酚废水COD去除率可达92.03%.     

钛基Sn或Pb 氧化物涂层电极的制备与表征

采用热分解和电沉积方法分别制备了Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3,Ti/PbO2 和Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3/PbO2 三种电极.电镜照片表明,与热分解制备的Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3 电极表面呈"泥裂状"不同,电沉积Ti/PbO2 电极表面呈典型金刚石型结构;Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3/PbO2 电极的氧化物中间层使PbO2 结晶显著减小,而且增加了镀层PbO2 与钛基的结合力,在连续使用较长时间后电极表面出现"蜂窝状"腐蚀坑.EDAX和XRD 分析表明,虽然电极用于电化学氧化对氯苯酚后表层物相没有发生改变,但其组成元素的含量有所变化.与Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3 和Ti/PbO2 电极相比,Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3/PbO2 电极具有更高的电化学氧化性能.     

碳基复合电极制备和电Fenton降解4-氯酚研究

研究了石墨-PTFE和活性炭-PTFE复合电极的制备工艺,并以4-氯酚模拟废水为对象,比较了石墨-PTFE和活性炭-PTFE复合电极的吸附和电Fenton性能。结果表明,活性炭-PTFE复合电极的吸附性能优于石墨-PTFE复合电极,而石墨-PTFE复合电极的电Fenton处理效果则明显优于活性炭-PTFE复合电极。在实验条件下,电Fenton反应时间为125min时,活性炭-PTFE复合电极的4-氯酚去除率仅为5.79%,而石墨-PTFE复合电极对4-氯酚的去除率高达94.48%。     

Electrochemical analysis of trifluralin using a nanostructuring electrode with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The electroanalytical behaviors of the endocrine-disrupting chemical trifluralin have been studied at a nanostructuring electrode. The nanostructuring electrode was fabricated by coating a uniform multi-wall carbon nanotubes/dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate (MWNTs/DHP) film on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The reduction peak currents of trifluralin increased remarkably and the reduction peak potential shifted positively at the nanostructuring electrode, compared with that at a bare GCE. The results showed that this nanostructuring electrode exhibited excellent enhancement effects on the electrochemical reduction of trifluralin. Consequently, a simple and sensitive electroanalytical method was developed for the determination of trifluralin. Under optimal conditions, a linear response of trifluralin was obtained in the range from 5.0 × 10⁻⁹ to 6.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹ (r = 0.998) and with a limit of detect (LOD) of 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ mol L⁻¹. The proposed procedure was successfully applied to determine trifluralin in soil samples with satisfactory results.     

Review of fluoride removal from drinking water

Fluoride in drinking water has a profound effect on teeth and bones. Up to a small level (1–1.5 mg/L) this strengthens the enamel. Concentrations in the range of 1.5–4 mg/L result in dental fluorosis whereas with prolonged exposure at still higher fluoride concentrations (4–10 mg/L) dental fluorosis progresses to skeletal fluorosis. High fluoride concentrations in groundwater, up to more than 30 mg/L, occur widely, in many parts of the world. This review article is aimed at providing precise information on efforts made by various researchers in the field of fluoride removal for drinking water. The fluoride removal has been broadly divided in two sections dealing with membrane and adsorption techniques. Under the membrane techniques reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, dialysis and electro-dialysis have been discussed. Adsorption, which is a conventional technique, deals with adsorbents such as: alumina/aluminium based materials, clays and soils, calcium based minerals, synthetic compounds and carbon based materials. Studies on fluoride removal from aqueous solutions using various reversed zeolites, modified zeolites and ion exchange resins based on cross-linked polystyrene are reviewed. During the last few years, layered double oxides have been of interest as adsorbents for fluoride removal. Such recent developments have been briefly discussed.     

钛修饰电极的制备及电化学性能比较

通过电沉积法在钛网(Ti)上负载钯、钯镍双金属及聚吡咯(PPy)双金属,对比研究不同修饰对电极电化学催化活性的影响。循环伏安测试(CV)表明,在最佳制备条件下,Pd/Ti电极在-500 mV(以Hg/Hg₂SO₄为参比电极)左右获得氢吸附峰值为-59.47 mA;引入Ni制备双金属修饰电极(PdNi/Ti电极)获得氢吸附峰值为-64.40 mA,双金属修饰电极表现出较好的电催化性能;吡咯修饰后制得的Pd-Ni/PPy/Ti电极获得的氢吸附峰值最大,峰值为-80.14 mA,电催化性能更优。扫描电镜(SEM)分析了Ni和PPy的引入对电极表面形态的改变。利用原子发射光谱(AES)分析了电极表面Pd、Ni金属的负载量。实验表明,Ni与PPy的引入使Pd-Ni/PPy/Ti电极在大大减少钯负载量的情况下,仍具有很好的电催化性能,电化学脱氯潜能也很大。