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231.
In this study the effects of the main marine pollutants (metals, PAHs, PCBs and DDTs) were assessed in native mussels from the Mediterranean coast of Spain. For this purpose several biomarkers such as benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (BPH), DT-diaphorase (DTD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (GPs), glutathione reductase (GR), metallothionein (MT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured in the digestive gland. Results showed increased LPO levels in mussels which accumulated high loads of organic compounds and arsenic in their tissues. BPH levels correlated to the concentrations of organic compounds in mussel tissues, though the range of BPH response was low in relation to the high gradient of accumulation of organic pollutants. Increased BPH levels, concomitant to low DTD and GST activities, were detected in mussels which presented high levels of organic pollutants in their tissues. This suggests that signs of LPO present in these organisms are related to the imbalance between phase I and phase II biotransformation processes. Furthermore, the increased levels of MT and CAT detected in mussels which showed high levels of Cd in their tissues appear to reflect a coordinated response which protects against the toxicity of this metal. The application of these biomarkers in environmental assessment is discussed. 相似文献
232.
Compared to the pre-nuclear era, large amounts of 129I have been released to the marine environment, especially as liquid and gaseous discharges from two European reprocessing plants located at Sellafield and La Hague. Their liquid discharges influence Northern Europe and most research was conducted in the area of the North Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic Sea. In this article data on 129I content and 129I/127I ratios observed in the North Adriatic Sea, which is a rather enclosed basin of the Mediterranean Sea, are presented. To the best of our knowledge no data on 129I in the Mediterranean Sea have previously been reported. As this area is isolated from direct liquid discharges, the main transport pathway is probably gaseous releases from reprocessing plants. Surface sea water, the marine alga Fucus virsoides, an iodine accumulator, and the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis collected in 2009 and 2010, and marine sediment collected in 2005 and 2009 were analysed. The 129I/127I isotopic ratios observed were in the range from 0.8 to 3.0 × 10−08 for seawater, from 0.06 to 0.35 × 10−08 for marine sediment, from 0.05 to 0.10 × 10−08 for F. virsoides and from 0.3 to 0.9 × 10−08 for M. galloprovincialis. 相似文献
233.
Naile JE Khim JS Wang T Wan Y Luo W Hu W Jiao W Park J Ryu J Hong S Jones PD Lu Y Giesy JP 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(4):907-917
Polychlorinated-dibenzo-p-dioxins and -dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were measured in soils and sediments from the Yellow Sea region. Korean soils and sediments mostly contained detectable PCDD/Fs and showed a widespread distribution among locations. Soil and sedimentary PCDD/Fs from China were comparable to or less than those in Korea. The patterns of relative concentrations of individual congeners in soils were different between the two countries, but similar in sediments. Sources of PCDD/Fs in China and Korea were found to be independent of each other and their distributions reflected matrix-dependent accumulation. Spatial distribution indicated some point sources in Korea while Chinese sources were more widespread and diffuse. PCDD/Fs measured in the coastal areas of the Yellow Sea were comparable to or less than those previously reported in for eastern Asia. However, ∑TEQs in soils and sediments were near to or, in some cases exceeded environmental quality guidelines. 相似文献
234.
The bioaccumulation of buried polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) added to specific depths in sediment (2.0-2.5, 5.0-5.5 and 10.0-10.5 cm) was studied in two infaunal species with similar feeding habits (surface deposit-feeders) but different bioturbation modes. The deep-burrowing polychaetes Marenzelleria spp. (Mz) displayed up to 36 times higher tissue concentrations of buried (spiked) contaminants than the surface-dwelling biodiffusing amphipod Monoporeia affinis. The differences in bioaccumulation were most pronounced for less hydrophobic contaminants due to the bioirrigating activity of Mz. Contaminants buried at shallow depths displayed higher accumulation than more deeply buried contaminants. In contrast, the bioaccumulation of unspiked (native) contaminants with a uniform vertical distribution in the sediment was similar between the species. For Mz, the BSAFs increased with increased KOW for the uniformly distributed contaminants, but decreased for the buried contaminants, which indicates that the dominant uptake routes of the buried contaminants can differ from the uniformly distributed contaminants. The surface sediment concentration of buried contaminants increased in Mz treatments, showing that Mz bioturbation can remobilize historically buried contaminants to the biologically active surface layer and increase the exposure for surface-dwelling species. 相似文献
235.
Pekcan-Hekim Z Urho L Auvinen H Heikinheimo O Lappalainen J Raitaniemi J Söderkultalahti P 《Ambio》2011,40(5):447-456
Climate change scenarios concerning the Baltic Sea predict increase in surface water temperatures. Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) inhabits the coastal areas of the northern Baltic Sea and is an important fish species for the Finnish fisheries. The
year-class strength of pikeperch varies strongly between years and significantly depends on water temperature. We aimed to
study the effects of changing temperature conditions on pikeperch fisheries and distribution based on commercial catch data
from the period 1980–2008 in the Finnish coastal areas of the Baltic Sea. The results indicated that warmer summers will produce
stronger pikeperch year-classes that consequently contribute significantly to the future catches. The average temperature
in June–July explained 40% of the variation in the year-class catches in the Gulf of Finland and 73% in July–August in the
Archipelago Sea. During the study period, the distribution of pikeperch catches expanded toward north along the coasts of
the Bothnian Sea. 相似文献
236.
Lazar B Maslov L Romanić SH Gračan R Krauthacker B Holcer D Tvrtković N 《Chemosphere》2011,82(1):121-129
We analyzed 15 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and five organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fat tissue of 27 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from eastern Adriatic Sea with the curved carapace length ranging from 25.0 to 84.5 cm. The PCB profile was dominated by hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners, with PCB-153 (median: 114.9 ng g−1 wet mass), PCB-138 (80.0 ng g−1 w.m.), and PCB-180 (26.7 ng g−1 w.m.) detected with the highest levels. Toxic mono-ortho congeners PCB-118, PCB-105 and PCB-180 with dioxin-like toxicity were found in >70% samples. 4,4′-DDE (81.0 ng g−1 w.m.) prevailed the OCP signature, accounting for 80% of the total DDTs. A significant increasing trend in accumulation with size was found for PCB-52 (rs = 0.512, p < 0.01) and PCB-114 (rs = 0.421, p < 0.05). Comparison of our results with organochlorine contaminant (OC) pattern in some prey taxa suggest that contamination occurs primarily through the food web, with biomagnification factors of 0.14-6.99 which were positively correlated with the octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow; p < 0.05). This study, based upon a fairly large sample size collected mostly from incidentally captured animals over a short time period (June 2001-November 2002), present a temporal snapshot of OC contamination in wild, free-ranging loggerheads from Adriatic feeding grounds and provide a baseline for monitoring the regional OC trends in this endangered species. 相似文献
237.
In this study, the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb were determined in mussel samples (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea. The samples were collected seasonally for a period of two years (2004-2006) at six coastal stations (Çanakkale, Dikili, Foça, Çe?me, Didim, Bodrum). Mussels were separated into several groups according to their size (1-4, 4-6, >6 cm). The results showed that 210Po concentrations in mussels varied between 53 ± 4 and 1960 ± 60 Bq kg−1 dw. The highest activity 210Po concentrations were determined in winter samples of mussels with a shell length of 4-6 cm from Didim. In general, it was observed that the 210Pb concentration levels in mussels were lower than 210Po concentrations. The 210Po/210Pb activity concentration ratios exceeded unity for all mussel samples and averaged 26.0. The inter-site differences seen in 210Po concentrations can be due to both the natural background levels of sites and industrial activities. 相似文献
238.
Tire wear particles (TWP) abraded from end-of-life passenger car tires have been added at a concentration of 1 g L−1 to river water, sea water and mixtures thereof in order to examine the chemical controls on the leaching of Zn from the rubber matrix. Results of time-dependent experiments conducted over a period of 5 days were consistent with a diffusion controlled leaching mechanism with rate constants of about 0.04 mg L−1 h−1/2 in river water and between about 0.02 and 0.03 mg L−1 h−1/2 in sea water. Additional experiments revealed a reduction in Zn dissolution with both increasing salinity and pH and enhancement of leaching in the presence of fluorescent light compared with dark conditions. In corresponding experiments conducted in the presence of a fixed quantity (0.8 g L−1) of clean, fractionated estuarine sediment, aqueous Zn concentrations were reduced by at least an order of magnitude. Increasing the quantity of sediment resulted in a progressive reduction in Zn concentration until an apparent equilibrium was achieved, with partition coefficients defining the sediment-water distribution of Zn of about 550 mL g−1 and 270 mL g−1 in river water and sea water, respectively. Results are interpreted in terms of the dissolution of ZnO and other residual complexes from the matrix and the subsequent, rapid adsorption of Zn2+ ions to coexistent estuarine sediment. The findings of the study are discussed in terms of their implications for the transport, fate and effects of TWP Zn in aquatic environments that are likely to receive urban runoff. 相似文献
239.
The Costs of Meeting the Environmental Objectives for the Baltic Sea: A Review of the Literature 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Katarina Elofsson 《Ambio》2010,39(1):49-58
The environmental targets of the recently agreed Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) targets are likely associated with a considerable
cost, which motivates a search for low-cost policies. The following review shows there is a substantial literature on cost-efficient
nutrient reduction strategies, including suggestions regarding low-cost abatement, but actual policies at international and
national scale tend to be considerably more expensive due to lack of instruments that ensure a cost-efficient allocation of
abatement across countries and sectors. Economic research on the costs of reducing hazardous substances and oil spill damages
in the Baltic Sea is not available, but lessons from the international literature suggest that resources could be used more
efficiently if appropriate analysis is undertaken. Common to these pollution problems is the need to ensure that all countries
in the region are provided with positive incentives to implement international agreements. 相似文献
240.
Juan Sánchez-Avila 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(9):2833-2840
This study provides the first evidence of the sources and loads of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) to the NW Mediterranean Sea. Five PFCs were analyzed in 45 seawater samples collected along the Catalan coast. Total PFCs ranged from 0.07 to 13.0 ng/l, being the levels higher in ports than in coastal waters. To determine the sources of PFCs, 8 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents and 6 rivers discharging to the sea were also analyzed. WWTP effluents contained total PFCs levels ranging from 3.47 to 132 ng/l but due to the relatively low discharge flows, they contributed to 34.7 g/d to the sea. Total PFCs in rivers ranged from 2.24 to 21.9 ng/l and were the principal PFCs contributors to the sea. Overall, a total load of 190 g/d of PFCs are discharged to the NW Mediterranean coast. The effects and risk of PFCs discharges to the Mediterranean basin are discussed. 相似文献