Phytoplankton community structure and environmental parameters in aquaculture areas of Daya Bay, South China Sea

Environmental characteristics and phytoplankton community structure were investigated in two aquaculture areas in Dapeng Cove of Daya Bay, South China Sea, between April 2005 and June 2006. Phytoplankton abundance ranged between 5.0 and 8877.5 cells/mL, with an average of 751.8 cells/mL. The seasonal cycle of phytoplankton were demonstrated by frequent oscillations, with recurrent high abundances from late spring to autumn and a peak stage in late winter. Diatoms were the predominant phytoplankton group, accounting for 93.21% of the total abundance. The next most abundant group was the dinoflagellates, which made up only 1.24% of total abundance. High concentrations of Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech with a maximum of 603.0 cells/mL were firstly recorded in this area known for high rates of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) contamination. Temperatures and salinities were within the suitable values for the growth of phytoplankton, and were important in phytoplankton seasonal fluctuations. The operation of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station (DNPS) exerts influences on the phytoplankton community and resulted in the high abundances of toxic dinoflagellate species during the winter months. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved silicate (DSi) were su cient, and rarely limited for the growth of phytoplankton. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was the most necessary element for phytoplankton growth. The enriched environments accelerated the growth of small diatoms, and made for the shift in predominant species from large diatom Rhizosolenia spp. to chain-forming diatoms such as Skeletonema costatum, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Thalassiosira subtilis.     

Atmospheric mercury over the marine boundary layer observed during the third China Arctic Research Expedition

TGM measurements on board ships have proved to provide valuable complementary information to measurements by a ground based monitoring network. During the third China Arctic Research Expedition (from July 11 to September 24, 2008), TGM concentrations over the marine boundary layer along the cruise path were in-situ measured using an automatic mercury vapor analyzer. Here we firstly reported the results in Japan Sea, North Western Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, where there are rare reports. The value ranged between 0.30 and 6.02 ng/m³ with an average of (1.52 ± 0.68) ng/m³, being slightly lower than the background value of Northern Hemisphere (1.7 ng/m³). Notably TGM showed considerably spatial and temporal variation. Geographically, the average value of TGM in Bering Sea was higher than those observed in Japan Sea and North Western Pacific Ocean. In the north of Japan Sea TGM levels were found to be lower than 0.5 ng/m³ during forward cruise and displayed obviously diurnal cycle, indicating potential oxidation of gaseous mercury in the atmosphere. The pronounced episode was recorded as well. Enhanced levels of TGM were observed in the coastal regions of southern Japan Sea during backward cruise due primarily to air masses transported from the adjacent mainland reflecting the contribution from anthropogenic sources. When ship returned back and passed through Kamchatka Peninsula TGM increased by the potential contamination from volcano emissions.     

Millennial mercury records derived from ornithogenic sediment on Dongdao Island, South China Sea

Two ornithogenic sediment cores, which have a time span of 1000 years and are influenced by red-footed booby (Sula sula), were collected from Dongdao Islands, South China Sea. The determined mercury concentrations of the two cores show similar and substantial fluctuations during the past millennium, and the fluctuations are most likely caused by the changes in mercury level of the ocean environment and in anthropogenic Hg emission. For the past 500 years, the mercury concentration in the red-footed booby excrement has a striking association with global anthropogenic mercury emission. The mercury concentration increased rapidly after AD 1600 in corresponding to beginning of the unparalleled gold and silver mining in South Central America that left a large volume of anthropogenic mercury pollution. Since the Industrial Revolution, the mercury level has increased at a fast pace, very likely caused by modern coal combustion, chlor-alkali and oil refining industries. The comparison of mercury profiles from different places on earth suggested that anthropogenic mercury pollution after the Industrial Revolution is more severe in Northern Hemisphere than in Antarctica.     

近年渤海与黄海北部沿岸底栖贝类体内微污染物的分布特征

根据近几年的海洋常规监测数据,确定渤海及黄海北部沿岸底柄贝类体内典型微污染物的含量及其空间分布.结果表明,在36%以上的站点中,贝类体内石油烃含量超过国家海洋生物质量第1类标准(15μg/g,湿重,下同),尤其是大连湾和河北新村附近海域贝类体内含量甚至高出第Ⅲ类标准(80μg/g,以湿重计),并且,近年来大部分海域贻贝...     

东海大气气溶胶中无机氮组分的分布特征

利用2006年11～12月、2007年2～3月及2008年5～6月在东海4个航次中采集的33个总悬浮颗粒物样品和7套Anderson分级样品,分析了其中NH 4+、NO 3-和NO 2-的浓度,探讨了东海气溶胶中氮组分的季节变化和粒径分布.气溶胶中NH 4+的浓度为2.6～646.9 nmol.m-3,冬、春季较高,夏季较低.NO 3-的浓度为5.5～281.5 nmol.m-3,冬季较高,春、夏季较低.NO 2-的浓度很低,0.5 nmol.m-3.气溶胶中氮组分的相对贡献具有一定的季节变化趋势,冬季NH 4+和NO 3-的贡献相当,春、夏季以NH 4+的贡献为主.NO 3-的粒径分布月变化明显,11～12月主要分布在2.1μm的细粒子上,2～3月、5～6月分别集中在1.1～4.7μm和2.1～7.0μm的粗粒子上.NH 4+的粒径分布无明显月季差异,均主要分布在1.1μm的细粒子上.后向轨迹分析表明气团的来源和迁移路径显著影响气溶胶中无机氮的分布.气团来自污染较重的陆源,无机氮在大气中的浓度(nmol.m-3)和在颗粒物中的浓度(μmol.g-1)均较高;气团来自清洁的海洋源,无机氮在大气中和颗粒物中的浓度均较低.气团起源自陆源但在海上经过长距离的迁移,则无机氮在大气中的浓度相对较低,在颗粒物中的浓度相对较高.     

山东近岸黄海极值风速预测及防灾建议——基于极值分布和风向的预测

在总结有关海上大风预测研究成果的基础上,根据极值理论合理选取预测极值风速的极值分布计算模型:Gumbel分布和Poisson-Gumbel分布。根据山东近岸黄海26 a的风速观测资料,采用分风向统计数据和投影法处理数据,充分考虑风向和相邻风向的影响,形成十六个风向的年极值序列和过程极值序列样本;最后,用两种模型计算得到各个风向的极值风速预测结果,对比不考虑风向的计算结果,分析出黄海海域海洋风灾发生的时间规律和致灾风向,并对黄海海域的防风减灾提出合理建议。     

Variation characteristics of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide in summertime at a coastal site in the South China Sea

● Diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ are clearly extracted using EEMD. ● CH₄ and CO₂ show mid-morning high and evening low patterns during sea breezes. ● Wind direction significantly modulates the diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂. Methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) are the two most important greenhouse gases (GHGs). To examine the variation characteristics of CH₄ and CO₂ in the coastal South China Sea, atmospheric CH₄ and CO₂ measurements were performed in Bohe (BH), Guangdong, China, in summer 2021. By using an adaptive data analysis method, the diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ were clearly extracted and analysed in relation to the sea breeze (SB) and land breeze (LB), respectively. The average concentrations of CH₄ and CO₂ were 1876.91 ± 31.13 ppb and 407.99 ± 4.24 ppm during SB, and 1988.12 ± 109.92 ppb and 421.54 ± 14.89 ppm during LB, respectively. The values of CH₄ and CO₂ during SB basically coincided with the values and trends of marine background sites, showing that the BH station could serve as an ideal site for background GHG monitoring and dynamic analysis. The extracted diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂ showed sunrise high and sunset low patterns (with peaks at 5:00–7:00) during LB but mid-morning high and evening low patterns (with peaks at 9:00) during SB. The diurnal amplitude changes in both CH₄ and CO₂ during LB were almost two to three times those during SB. Wind direction significantly modulated the diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂. The results in this study provide a new way to examine the variations in GHGs on different timescales and can also help us gain a better understanding of GHG sources and distributions in the South China Sea.     

基于环境模式PM2.5的渤海及其西岸能见度预报技术优化研究

基于2019年12月1日—2020年11月30日渤海及其西岸地区能见度观测和数值模拟,研究了该区域海岸陆能见度演变特征及其预报方法,并通过引入PM_2.5浓度及建立相应的消光方程,提升该地区能见度预报准确率.结果表明：渤海及其西岸地区海岸陆能见度演变特征存在差异,就年平均能见度而言,海上（含港口）高于陆地,并且前者的能见度日变化较后者更趋平缓,低能见度（<3 km）天气陆地主要出现在0:00—8:00,海上（含港口）则全天均有可能出现,海上（含港口）0～500 m低能见度天气多于陆地,500～3000 m低能见度天气少于陆地.渤海及其西岸地区能见度预报需要考虑气溶胶消光的影响,欧洲数值模式（ECMWF）和天津气象台主观能见度预报产品,在该区域预报与实况的相关系数为0.2～0.3,相对误差为40%～50%.引入天津环境模式PM_2.5浓度预报,基于ECMWF相对湿度和环境模式液态水含量,通过消光方程可以较好地改进预报该区域能见度的效果,其产品陆地和港口能见度预报与实况的相关系数分别为在0.8和0.5以上,相对误差分别为20%和40%左右,小于...     

Trace metals in the western Mediterranean Sea∗

Data on Cd, Pb and Cu concentrations in seawater referring to five years of field studies on the western Mediterranean Sea are reported in order to present a space and time integrated situation on the levels of these metals. Surface total metal concentrations present rather homogeneous distributions between the different areas considered, including the Tyrrhenian Sea. The metal concentrations in three areas affected by natural and industrial wastes are also discussed. The vertical distribution of the dissolved Cd, Pb and Cu in the Alboran Sea seems to be rather homogeneous, both vertically and among the stations chosen between the Strait of Gibraltar and the Island of Alboran.