渤海海洋生态对全球变暖响应的数值模拟

用COHERENS模式和数值试验的方法,研究了当渤海气温平均上升1℃和2℃时,渤海海洋微型浮游植物数量和NO3-N浓度的变化,结果发现当气温增加时,渤海微型浮游植物的最大增加和NO3-N浓度的最大减少在3月份,而在6～9月份的夏季,则变化不明显.气温增加1℃时,微型浮游植物有机碳在1～2月份增加了30%,而在6～9月增...     

春季黄海边界层内海盐细粒子氯亏损及混合状态研究

为了解海盐气溶胶和亚洲出流污染物的相互影响,对2001年春季黄海边界层内观测的气溶胶细粒子可溶离子浓度(AGE-Asia中NCAR C-130飞机航测)进行了研究.所分析的6个航段(航段1～航段6)都位于黄海中部(124.0°E～125.1°E,34.3°N～36.4°N)的大气边界层内.离子摩尔比和相关分析表明,在所...     

Seasonal and Regional Patterns in Performance for a Baltic Sea Drainage Basin Hydrologic Model

This study evaluates the ability of the Catchment SIMulation (CSIM) hydrologic model to describe seasonal and regional variations in river discharge over the entire Baltic Sea drainage basin (BSDB) based on 31 years of monthly simulation from 1970 through 2000. To date, the model has been successfully applied to simulate annual fluxes of water from the catchments draining into the Baltic Sea. Here, we consider spatiotemporal bias in the distribution of monthly modeling errors across the BSDB since it could potentially reduce the fidelity of predictions and negatively affect the design and implementation of land‐management strategies. Within the period considered, the CSIM model accurately reproduced the annual flows across the BSDB; however, it tended to underpredict the proportion of discharge during high‐flow periods (i.e., spring months) and overpredict during the summer low flow periods. While the general overpredictions during summer periods are spread across all the subbasins of the BSDB, the underprediction during spring periods is seen largely in the northern regions. By implementing a genetic algorithm calibration procedure and/or seasonal parameterization of subsurface water flows for a subset of the catchments modeled, we demonstrate that it is possible to improve the model performance albeit at the cost of increased parameterization and potential loss of parsimony.     

南黄海南部海域表层沉积物重金属来源解析及风险评价

基于2012年夏季对南黄海南部海域的调查资料,分析了表层沉积物中7种重金属元素的含量分布特征;采用多元统计分析,揭示了研究区表层沉积物重金属污染的主要来源及各元素之间的相关性;应用地质累积指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对重金属元素进行了污染及风险分析.结果表明:Cd、Pb的含量均符合国标规定的一类沉积物标准,Zn、Cu、Cr在绝大部分站位也都低于国标规定的一类沉积物的最高标准,仅在个别站位处达到二类或三类沉积物标准;除Cr、Cd、Mn外,其余各重金属与Al2O3、平均粒径之间有显著的相关性,表明它们均以自然来源为主,并受到沉积物粒度的控制,遵循"元素的粒度控制律";Cr、Cd、Mn与Al2O3的相关系数较小,表明其可能受到人为污染源的影响.通过主成分分析和聚类分析可将7种重金属元素辨识为2个主成分,PC1(Zn、Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn)为自然源因子,PC2(Cr、Cd)为工农业源因子;其中,Cr、Cd在PC1和PC2上均具有一定的正载荷,受自然地质背景和人类活动的共同控制.地质累积指数法评价结果表明,Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb整体均处于清洁级别,而Cr则处于轻微污染水平,污染程度排序依次为CrPbCdZnCu;潜在生态风险评价结果表明,各元素潜在生态危害等级排序依次为CdPbCuCrZn,Cr、Zn、Cu和Pb均为低生态危害等级,Cd以低中等生态危害等级为主,局部出现较重生态危害等级,综合潜在生态风险评价为低度.     

Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm weremeasured onboardby a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). The average hourly particle number (PN) was around 4560 ± 3240 in the South Yellow Sea (SYS), 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea (NYS), and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea (BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm (ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt, and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN, respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflowonmarine environment. Variation of source types dependedmainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.     

Coherence between marine and land use planning: public attitudes to landscapes in the context of siting a wind park along the Latvian coast of the Baltic Sea

The aim of this paper is to contribute to coherence in marine, coastal and land use planning and management from the perspective of landscape values. At a time when new sea uses are emerging and marine spatial planning laws and regulations are being adopted, but have not yet been put into practice, research studies are required that provide spatial planners with informed insights concerning public stakeholder attitudes to controversial policies. The undertaken research explored the attitudes of two important social groups (local residents and tourists/recreational users) regarding locating wind parks in the marine and/or terrestrial environment along the Latvian coast of the Baltic Sea. The results of the study indicate that both groups support land-based wind park development versus offshore. Moreover, the visibility of wind turbines influences the willingness of tourists to visit recreation sites and impacts directly on their duration of stay. Research findings indicate that policy makers and spatial planners from both marine and land domains should adopt a broader and more integrated approach when setting priorities and allocating space for development activities where both domains are involved.     

冬季中国东海大气气溶胶中水溶性离子的组成与来源分析

运用离子色谱对2009年冬季中国东海大气气溶胶中水溶性离子Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、CH3SO3-（MSA）、Na＋、K＋、NH 4＋、Mg2＋、Ca2＋进行了测定,同时由SPSS（statistical package for social sciences）软件进行相关性分析探讨其来源.分析结果表明,气溶胶中二...     

东海海洋大气颗粒物中重金属的来源及入海通量

2006～2007年,对杭州湾以南的东海海域进行了春、夏、秋、冬4个航次的海洋大气调查,分析了大气颗粒物中重金属元素（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd）的含量,根据调查结果,采用富集系数法对重金属的来源进行了初步分析,对干沉降入海通量进行了估算.结果表明,调查海域海洋大气颗粒物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd含量相对于地壳和海水均表现...     

AMBI方法评价环渤海潮间带底栖生态质量的适用性

AMBI(AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index)可以有效地评价河口和近岸海域软底质底栖生态质量状况.本文根据2008年9月16日至28日在环渤海潮间带采集的大型底栖动物资料,采用AMBI法并结合香农-威纳多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener index,H),对环渤海11个潮间带30个潮区的生态质量状况进行评价.结果表明,环渤海潮间带生态系统皆受到不同程度的干扰.与H法相比,AMBI法在评价底栖群落质量状况方面更敏感,而H法则对环境污染状况的指示作用更敏感.与2008年辽宁、河北及山东的《海洋环境质量公报》相比,AMBI法得出的环渤海潮间带环境污染程度,普遍比H法及各省海洋环境质量公报评价的程度轻微.     

基于Sentinel-3 OLCI影像的渤海FUI水色指数遥感提取及应用

水色是水体水文学特征的基本要素之一。水色测定主要是采用福莱尔比色表(Forel-Ule Scale)将自然水体按颜色从深蓝到红棕共分为21个级别,用以观测、记录海洋和内陆水体的颜色。基于2020—2021年大辽河口、黄河口西南及秦皇岛近岸海域的现场实测数据和同步Sentinel-3 OLCI影像,验证了FUI水色指数遥感提取结果的准确性,发现当现场测量时间与卫星过境时间接近时,FUI水色指数遥感提取结果与实测结果基本一致。利用2021年1—12月Sentinel-3 OLCI影像,提取了渤海月均FUI水色指数遥感产品,发现渤海FUI水色指数的主要变化区间为5~17,整体呈现辽东湾、渤海湾及莱州湾沿岸海域高,秦皇岛海域及其他离岸海域低的空间分布特征,且存在秋冬季高、春夏季低的时间变化规律。此外,FUI水色指数对诸多海洋生态环境问题具有显著的指示功能。尝试将其应用于海洋水色异常和海水水质类别观测,均取得了较好的应用效果。由此可见,FUI水色指数遥感提取将在今后的海洋生态环境监测与评价方面发挥重要作用。