Petroleum hydrocarbons and their effects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea, North China

Systematic studies on the changes in concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) and their e ects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea during 1974–2004 are presented. Changes in PHs concentrations were closely related to Yellow River runo . Concentrations of PHs accumulated in fish and shrimp increased by about 0.712 mg/kg dry weight when trophic level of fish and shrimps increased by 1. Attention should also be paid to the high PHs concentrations in mollusks along the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea. Average concentration of PHs in the adjacent coastal waters of Tianjin City during 1996–2005 decreased the population growth rates of fish, crustaceans and mollusks in the Bohai Sea by 2.58%, 6.59% and 2.33%, respectively. Therefore, PHs have significantly contributed to the decline in fisheries in the Bohai Sea, and they must be reduced to realize the sustainable fisheries.     

二类水体短波红外波段大气校正方法的改进

海洋水色遥感技术在海洋生态环境研究中越来越受到重视.大气校正是海洋水色遥感中的一个关键问题,短波红外波段(SWIR)方法是目前在二类水体大气校正中应用较多的一种方法.现有的SWIR方法假设在对数坐标下,大气校正因子在外推波段与基准波段间按线性关系变化.当波段跨度不大时,这一线性近似与辐射传输模型模拟结果相符,而当波段跨度较大时,则存在一定差异.针对这一问题,本文采用分段外推的方法,修正了大气校正因子,对SWIR方法进行了改进.同时,选取2010年10月4日和2012年4月4日两景渤海海域的MODIS遥感图像,先引入浑浊度来分析渤海海域水体清洁程度,进而在区分出的二类水体区域分析改进方法的效果.结果表明,改进后方法的结果比原方法整体偏小,在渤海区域的差异在1%~15%之间.在卫星遥感数据的反演中有必要关注这一问题.     

北黄海溶解氧化亚氮的分布与通量的季节变化

根据2005年3月、 2006年4月和8月、 2007年4月和10月对北黄海进行的大面调查,分析研究了不同季节表层海水中溶解氧化亚氮（N₂O）的水平分布及海-气交换通量.结果表明,北黄海海水中溶解N₂O浓度的季节变化不大（约为12 nmol·L^-1）,但其饱和度呈现明显的季节变化,夏、秋季远高于春季,并且春季3个航次表层海水中溶解的N₂O随水温的升高由不饱和逐渐转变为过饱和,相关性分析显示,温度是影响溶解N₂O饱和度的主要因素.利用Liss和Merlivat公式（LM86）以及Wanninkhof公式（W92）分别估算了北黄海春、夏、秋3个季节N₂O的海-气交换通量,其平均值分别为（0.6±1.7）、（5.8±8.4）、（7.9±8.2） μmol·(m²·d)^-1和（1.1±2.7）、（10.2±13.6）、（13.8±14.3） μmol·(m²·d)^-1,呈现明显的季节性变化,夏、秋两季高于春季.根据北黄海3个季节的平均N₂O海-气交换通量和北黄海的面积,初步估算出北黄海N₂O的年释放量为（5.3×10^-3～9.2×10^-3） Tg·a^-1,表明北黄海海域是大气N₂O的净源.     

环渤海地区500年来的旱涝变化及其区域分异

用研究区１４７０～１９８５年的旱涝等级资料,划分了该地区５００年来旱涝变化的７个阶段,讨论了不同阶段间旱涝型的变化及其旱涝型区域分异意义。结果表明,５００年来研究区有４类主要旱涝型,各型旱涝在不同阶段的重要程度及场型特征有较大差异,深刻反映了该地区５００年来旱涝区域分异特征的变化。通过对５００年来旱涝变化与温度变化的对比发现,较温暖期,研究区的旱涝型及旱涝区域分异格局较多变,旱涝变化的区域差异性较     

Accumulations of total metal in dominant shrimp species (Palaemon adspersus, Palaemon serratus, Parapenaeus longirostris) and bottom surface sediments obtained from the Northern Inner Shelf of the Sea of Marmara

The aim of this study is to determine the total metal (aluminum, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc, cadmium, iron, mercury) contents of dominant shrimp species and sediments present at 1–50 m depths of the Northern Inner Shelf of the Sea of Marmara. Shrimp and sediment samples were collected from four regions (Büyükçekmece, Silivri, Tekirda?, ?arköy) and from different depths (1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 m) at each region in September and November of 2003. Three shrimp species [Palaemon adspersus (Rathke, 1937), Palaemon serratus (Pennant, 1777), Parapenaeus longirostris (H. Lucas, 1846)] were identified to be dominant as a result of the examination on the obtained samples. Heavy metal contents of these three species were determined and the results were compared with the acceptable treshold values of the Seafood Standards and also with available literatures. The Cu contents were found to be higher than the treshold limits in all samples except P. longirostris from Silivri, also the Cd contents in all samples except P. adspersus from Büyükçekmece, the Zn contents only in P. adspersus and P. longirostris from Tekirda?, and the Pb contents in all species from all regions. These high values are the indicator of industrial pollution. There is not any data in the Seafood Standards about Mn, Ni, Fe and Al contents in shrimp species. The values of these metal contents were given in the present study. The examination of total metal distributions in bottom surface sediment samples in the Northern Inner Shelf of the Sea of Marmara showed that the determined values were higher than the shale average at some depths of examined stations.     

测定地表水中悬浮物的空白校正

进行了测定地表水中悬浮物空白校正与不作空白校正的对比试验 ,得出不作空白校正存在较大误差 ,认为测定地表水中悬浮物时应作空白校正。同时用测定海水中悬浮物的方法作测定地表水中悬浮物的试验 ,试验效果较好 ,符合测定要求。建议可用测定海水中悬浮物的方法来测定地表水中悬浮物     

东海赤潮发生时的营养盐分布研究

2010年春季对东海海域进行了赤潮专项调查,在3个海区发现有赤潮发生。对这些海区的水质和浮游植物进行了监测和分析。结果表明,调查中发现的赤潮原因种有东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻2种;活性磷酸盐和铵盐是发生中肋骨条藻赤潮的重要营养条件,东海原甲藻可以耐受低营养环境,调查海区在较低的温度(17℃)下也能发生东海原甲藻赤潮。     

黄海春夏季降水中常量离子化学特征分析

采集黄海千里岩岛春、夏季(2002年3月至8月)降水样品20个,测定了H 、F-、Cl-、NO 3、SO2-4、K 、Na 、Ca2 、Mg2 、NH 4,并对常量阴、阳离子的含量及组成特征进行了分析与探讨.应用相关性分析及典型相关分析方法分别对降水中常量阴、阳离子及常量阴、阳离子整体间关系进行分析;结果显示,常量阴、阳离子整体间具有较强相关性;因子分析结果显示,各常量离子化学特征可基本确定为两个因子,F因子(FA1)及Na-Cl因子(FA2),在主因子FA1-FA2空间,绝大多数样本点聚类,部分结果水平远离平均水平,样本点异常可归为两类,分别受F因子(FA1)及Na-Cl因子(FA2)影响.     

Past,current and future Swedish freshwater monitoring from an authority perspective

The synthesis of the BONUS+ research is introduced. The HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan is examined as a case to illustrate the potentials and challenges in building the science–policymaking interface on a macroregional level. The projects address environmental challenges in the Baltic Sea as defined by the Baltic Sea Action Plan, or consider the environmental governance and decision making within the Baltic Sea context in general. Eutrophication, biodiversity, hazardous substances, maritime activities, and the environment governance are addressed, as are crosscutting issues, such as the impact of climate change, maritime spatial planning and impacts of future development on ecosystem services. The projects contributed to relevant policy developments: 37 consultations carried out at EU level, 49 modifications to policy documents and action plans, 153 suggestions for the efficacy of pertinent public policies and governance, and in 570 occasions, scientists working in BONUS+ projects served as members or observers in scientific and stakeholder committees.     

The Potential of Current- and Wind-Driven Transport for Environmental Management of the Baltic Sea

The ever increasing impact of the marine industry and transport on vulnerable sea areas puts the marine environment under exceptional pressure and calls for inspired methods for mitigating the impact of the related risks. We describe a method for preventive reduction of remote environmental risks caused by the shipping and maritime industry that are transported by surface currents and wind impact to the coasts. This method is based on characterizing systematically the damaging potential of the offshore areas in terms of potential transport to vulnerable regions of an oil spill or other pollution that has occurred in a particular area. The resulting maps of probabilities of pollution to be transported to the nearshore and the time it takes for the pollution to reach the nearshore are used to design environmentally optimized fairways for the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Proper, and south-western Baltic Sea.