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161.
北京市垃圾问题的现状及对策 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
介绍了北京市近年垃圾的产量、成分、热值及其变化情况。并对北京市垃圾处理所遵循的方针以及为处理垃圾做的工作,垃圾处理项目建设的进展情况作了简要介绍。目前北京市垃圾处理率约40%,到2000年可达到60%以上,处理垃圾要逐步达到以焚烧和实现资源化为主,适当发展堆肥处理,尽量减少填埋处理的垃圾量。文中另就垃圾的资源化、产业化发表了意见。为了加快处理垃圾、减轻政府负担,应逐步建立处理垃圾的产业,并逐步实现社会化,为此建议政府应制定相应的优惠政策。 相似文献
162.
H. Plaisance S. Sauvage P. Coddeville R. Guillermo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,51(3):657-671
The variability in performance of three precipitation sensor types, mounted on three identical wet-only collectors, has been compared for eight months at a single site. The catch efficiencies, determined from the sample volumes, are relatively high for these three apparatuses, since they exceed 89% on average. The recorded data of openings and closings of collector lids reveal that the highest losses of collection efficiency, observed for rainfalls of low intensity and low amount, are largely imputable to design and running characteristics of each sensor. Ionic compositions between the samples of these three collectors are relatively close, although significant differences are especially found for H+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+, suggesting that these apparatuses are differently exposed to the dry deposition of soil particles. The RS 85 sensor seems to be the most suitable one of the three, since it ensures a high catch efficiency for all rain types and tends to limit the exposures of funnel to the dry deposition. 相似文献
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/ Numerous drainages supporting productive salmon habitat are surrounded by active volcanoes on the west side of Cook Inlet in south-central Alaska. Eruptions have caused massive quantities of flowing water and sediment to enter the river channels emanating from glaciers and snowfields on these volcanoes. Extensive damage to riparian and aquatic habitat has commonly resulted, and benthic macroinvertebrate and salmonid communities can be affected. Because of the economic importance of Alaska's fisheries, detrimental effects on salmonid habitat can have significant economic implications. The Drift River drains glaciers on the northern and eastern flanks of Redoubt Volcano. During and following eruptions in 1989-1990, severe physical disturbances to the habitat features of the river adversely affected the fishery. Frequent eruptions at other Cook Inlet region volcanoes exemplify the potential effects of volcanic activity on Alaska's important commercial, sport, and subsistence fisheries. Few studies have documented the recovery of aquatic habitat following volcanic eruptions. The eruptions of Redoubt Volcano in 1989-1990 offered an opportunity to examine the recovery of the macroinvertebrate community. Macroinvertebrate community composition and structure in the Drift River were similar in both undisturbed and recently disturbed sites. Additionally, macroinvertebrate samples from sites in nearby undisturbed streams were highly similar to those from some Drift River sites. This similarity and the agreement between the Drift River macroinvertebrate community composition and that predicted by a qualitative model of typical macroinvertebrate communities in glacier-fed rivers indicate that the Drift River macroinvertebrate community is recovering five years after the disturbances associated with the most recent eruptions of Redoubt Volcano. KEY WORDS: Aquatic habitat; Volcanoes; Lahars; Lahar-runout flows; Macroinvertebrates; Community structure; Community composition; Taxonomic similarity 相似文献
165.
The number of males in primate social groups: a comparative test of the socioecological model 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Charles L. Nunn 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,46(1):1-13
As applied to polygynous mammals, the socioecological model assumes that environmental risks and resources determine the
spatial and temporal distribution of females, which then sets male strategies for monopolizing fertile matings. The effects
of female spatial distribution (i.e., female number) and temporal overlap (female mating synchrony) have been examined in
comparative studies of primates, but the relative influence of these two factors on male monopolization potential (the number
of males) remains unclear. One particular problem is that female synchrony is more difficult to estimate than female number.
This paper uses multivariate statistical methods and three independent estimates of female synchrony to assess the roles of
spatial and temporal effects in the context of a phylogenetically corrected dataset. These analyses are based on sensitivity
analyses involving a total of four phylogenies, with two sets of branch length estimates for each tree, and one nonphylogenetic
analysis in which species values are used (because male behavior may represent a facultative response to the distribution
of females). The results show: (1) that breeding seasonality predicts male number (statistically significant in six out of
nine sensitivity tests); (2) that expected female overlap, after controlling for female group size using residuals, also accounts
for the number of males in primate groups (significant in eight out of nine tests), and (3) that actual estimates of female
mating synchrony predict male number, again after correcting for female group size (significant in five out of nine tests).
Nonsignificant results are in the predicted direction, and female group size is significant in all statistical tests. These
analyses therefore demonstrate an independent influence of female temporal overlap on male monopolization strategies in mammalian
social systems.
Received: 24 July 1998 / Received in revised form: 5 February 1999 / Accepted: 7 February 1999 相似文献
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168.
根据1997年8月至2003年5月对粤东近海重要渔业水域生态环境研究的资料,对叶绿素的含量、组成和季节变化进行了分析讨论。结果表明,广东东部近海的叶绿素平均含量6.45mg/m3,其中柘林湾水域的叶绿素含量最高(9.12mg/m3),大亚湾水域的含量最低(3.61mg/m3)。考洲洋、珠江口水域叶绿素含量有季节/年度差异;大亚湾、红海湾水域叶绿素含量的季节差异较小。叶绿素a是叶绿素的主要组分,占60%~80%,叶绿素b、c分别占7%~24%和6%~19%。研究水域的叶绿素含量和季节变化与营养盐、水体的温盐等理化因子的变化有关,而叶绿素组成的变化与浮游植物的生长状况、群落结构以及环境条件的变化有关。 相似文献
169.
The genetic composition of Poa annua L, populations with a series of traffic pollution was studied by starch electrophoresis. Five enzyme systems were stained. The results showed that: (1) Traffic pollution can dramatically change genotypic frequencies at some loci of P. annua populations. Significant deviations from HardyWeinberg equilibrium were observed on loci Fe - 1 and Me due to the excess of heterozygotes in some populations.(2) The effective number of alleles per locus and the observed and expected heterozygosity were higher in the pollution series than in the clear control site(Botanic Park population), but the increase was not related with the pollution extent. (3) Most genetic variation was found within populations, and only 6.21% was among populations of the polluted series. Slightly higher differentiation( FST = 7.98%) was observed when the control population was included. (4) The calculated gene flow(Nm) is 2.8841 per generation. The mean of genetic identity is 0.9864 and the genetic distance average to 0.0138. 相似文献
170.
催化铁应用于草甘膦废水处理工艺改造的可行性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对某化工厂草甘膦废水经厌氧-好氧生物处理后出水总磷浓度高,无法达到该化工区污水纳管标准的情况,应用催化铁方法对该废水现有处理工艺进行改造以提高出水水质。考察了催化铁方法对原处理工艺不同处理工段出水中磷的去除效果,发现该法可有效地去除生物厌氧池出水的总磷及正磷盐,去除率分别达到52.7%和83.13%以上,且使废水的BOD5/COD值显著提高,可从0.08提高至0.31,增强了废水的可生物降解性,有利于后续好氧生物处理的进行。研究表明在原处理工艺的厌氧池后增加催化铁处理段能明显提高最终出水水质。 相似文献