滨海城市大气中多氯联苯的污染特征

选取滨海城市厦门的城区、郊区、工业区和背景区为研究对象,于2008年10月至2009年9月对厦门市大气进行了为期四个季节的采样工作,用GC-MS对气相和颗粒相中的28种多氯联苯(PCBs)同系物进行测定。研究结果表明,厦门市PCBs具有明显的时空分布特征,PCBs的含量在66.94～689.59 pg/m3之间,平均值...     

铁柱撑累托石的制备及其对活性艳蓝的降解

以天然粘土矿物累托石为载体、以铁盐作交联剂,利用水溶液插层方法制备了铁/累托石复合物。采用FT-IR和XRD两种表征方法对铁/累托石复合物进行了表征,分析了复合物的结构变化和层间间距变化,并探讨了复合物制备条件以及反应过程中溶液初始浓度、溶液初始pH、复合物投加量和H2O2浓度因素对催化降解活性艳蓝的影响。研究表明:铁聚合物插入到累托石的层间结构中,扩大了累托石的层间距;当Na+/Fe3+比值为0.5,Fe3+/累托石比值为10 mmol/g,p H为3左右,催化剂用量为0.5 g/L时,H2O2浓度为100 mg/L时,活性艳蓝的去除率达到90%以上。实验表明,铁柱撑累托石/UV/Fenton工艺对活性艳蓝具有良好的降解效果。     

Hg0 removal from flue gas over different zeolites modified by FeCl3

The elemental mercury removal abilities of three different zeolites(Na A, Na X, HZSM-5)impregnated with iron(Ⅲ) chloride were studied on a lab-scale fixed-bed reactor. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption(TPD) analyses were used to investigate the physicochemical properties. Results indicated that the pore structure and active chloride species on the surface of the samples are the key factors for physisorption and oxidation of Hg0, respectively. Relatively high surface area and micropore volume are beneficial to efficient mercury adsorption. The active Cl species generated on the surface of the samples were effective oxidants able to convert elemental mercury(Hg0)into oxidized mercury(Hg2+). The crystallization of Na Cl due to the ion exchange effect during the impregnation of Na A and Na X reduced the number of active Cl species on the surface, and restricted the physisorption of Hg0. Therefore, the Hg0 removal efficiencies of the samples were inhibited. The TPD analysis revealed that the species of mercury on the surface of Fe Cl3–HZSM-5 was mainly in the form of mercuric chloride(Hg Cl2), while on Fe Cl3–Na X and Fe Cl3–Na A it was mainly mercuric oxide(Hg O).     

夏季珠江三角洲地区PM2.5化学组分特征及其对大气能见度的影响

于2010年夏季在珠三角主要城市广州、佛山、东莞、深圳、珠海以及广州郊区从化同步采集PM2.5样品,利用热光反射碳分析仪和离子色谱分别分析样品中有机碳/元素碳和水溶性离子浓度,并同步收集能见度和气象数据.在此基础上对珠三角主要城市大气PM2.5中主要化学成分的浓度水平和空间分布特征进行分析,并利用IMPROVE方程重建大气消光系数,探讨PM2.5的主要化学组分对大气能见度的影响.结果发现,观测期间珠三角地区PM2.5中的主要化学成分空间分布特征明显,广州、佛山和东莞浓度较高,珠海和深圳浓度较低.(NH4)2SO4、有机物(OM)、EC和NH4NO3对夏季珠三角大气消光系数贡献率分别为39%、31%、12%和13%.     

贫营养条件下IAMBR污泥微生物群落结构的演变

采用PCR-DGGE技术并结合系统处理效果研究了贫营养条件下IAMBR污泥微生物群落结构,结果表明:IAMBR污泥中总细菌多样性特征、相似性特征和种群归属特征具有高度的协同性.运行前18天,氨氮去除率由95%降至73%后增加至82%,同时SVI值由123.7mL/g升至135.2mL/g再降至128.4mL/g.微生物群落在试验末期演替剧烈,总细菌相似性指数下降到63.6%,SVI值最终升至132.5mL/g.通过克隆测序分析,IAMBR系统中微生物菌种大部分为未培养菌种,其中亚硝化螺菌属占据优势地位,说明贫营养环境对IAMBR微生物群落产生不良影响,污泥微生物功能性指向明显,即硝化功能菌占据优势地位.     

利用纳米零价铁进行印染废水脱色实验研究

以纳米铁粉为脱色剂,以甲基橙水溶液为目标污染物,研究了纳米铁粉对甲基橙水溶液的脱色影响.结果表明染料初始浓度一定时,加入一定铁粉,脱色率随脱色时间的增加而增大,到一定时间后脱色率不再有大的变化;酸洗铁粉对甲基橙水溶液的脱色效果更好;将酸洗铁粉进行水洗,脱色率随水洗次数的增加而减少;摇床转速越高,脱色效果越好.     

贵州省2002年酸雨污染情况分析

为了准确及时地掌握贵州省的酸雨污染现状和发展趋势,为全省的酸雨控制提供科学依据,于2002 年3月至2003年2月在贵州省全省范围内进行年度降水pH值和离子组分监测。监测结果显示:全省降水pH年均值为5.38,个别城市降水pH年均值为4.31,酸雨污染比较严重;酸雨污染季节性明显,冬季酸雨出现频率高,影响范围广;酸雨的地域分布表现为以黔中为十字圆心,四个顶点遵义、都匀、安顺、凯里酸雨率高,而城市中心区酸雨污染较城郊严重;全省的酸雨污染主要是煤烟型污染。     

利用在线高分辨观测手段研究烟花爆竹燃放的大气污染物理化特征

利用在线多参数高分辨观测手段对2013年春节期间上海市的两场烟花爆竹燃放事件进行了观测,获得了烟花爆竹燃放期间大气中气态污染物和颗粒物(PM)的主要化学组成、质量浓度、数浓度、体积浓度及粒径分布等.结果表明,燃放烟花爆竹对PM和SO2的影响最为显著,对NOx和CO的影响较弱;烟花爆竹燃放期间,PM2.5中K+、Cl-、Mg2+的浓度增加最为显著,其次为SO2-4,OC、EC、Ca2+有一定增加,而对NO-3和NH+4影响尚不明确;燃放烟花爆竹产生的大气颗粒物以0.1~0.5μm的颗粒为主,其数浓度贡献率超过60%,其次为20~100 nm的颗粒,而在非燃放时段则以20~100 nm为主,其次为0.1~0.5μm;颗粒物体积浓度以0.1~0.5μm为主,其次为0.5~1.0μm,两者的贡献与非燃放时段没有明显差异.燃放时段具有较高的K/S质量比(1.20~4.33),远高于非燃放时段(0.10~0.80),与典型黑火药的K/S比相印证.     

威远震旦系天然气与油气生运聚

根据威远震旦系气藏天然气组成、同位素特征、储层包裹体的对比研究 ,我们认为该气藏的天然气主要来源于下寒武统筇竹寺组泥岩 ,其天然气主要是干酪根裂解气 ,次为油的裂解气。威远震旦系气藏是喜山期形成的 ,威远的天然气无论是干酪根裂解气还是油裂解气都由北面古构造聚集的干酪根裂解气和油裂解气转移而来 ,威远构造之所以能形成工业聚集的重要原因就是威远构造的形成与北面古构造的消失的良好匹配关系     

Monitoring of Fogwater Chemistry in the Gulf Coast Urban Industrial Corridor: Baton Rouge (Louisiana)

Seventeen fog events were sampled in Baton Rouge, Louisiana during 2002–2004 as part of characterizing wet deposition by fogwater in the heavily industrialized corridor along the Louisiana Gulf Coast in the United States. These samples were analyzed for chemical characteristics such as pH, conductivity, total organic and inorganic carbon, total metals and the principal ion concentrations. The dominant ionic species in all samples were NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻. The pH of the fogwater sampled had a mean value of 6.7 with two cases of acidic pH of 4.7. Rainwater and fogwater pH were similar in this region. The acidity of fogwater was a result of NO₃⁻ but partly offset by high NH₄⁺. The measured gaseous SO₂ accounted for a small percentage of the observed sulfate concentration, indicating additional gas-to-particle conversion of SO₂ to sulfate in fogwater. The gaseous NO_x accounted for most of the dissolved nitrate and nitrite concentration in fogwater. The high chloride concentration was attributable to the degradation of chlorinated organics in the atmosphere. The metal composition was traced directly to soil-derived aerosol precursors in the air. The major metals observed in fogwater were Na, K, Ca, Fe, Al, Mg and Zn. Of these Na, K, Ca and Mg were predominant with mean concentrations > 100 μM. Al, Fe and Zn were present in the samples, at mean concentrations < 100 μM. Small concentrations of Mn (7.8 μM), Cu (2 μM), Pb (0.07 μM) and As (0.32 μM) were also observed in the fogwaters, and these were shown to result from particulates (PM_2.5) in the atmosphere. The contribution to both ions and metals from the marine sources in the Louisiana Gulf Coast was minimal. The concentrations of all principal ionic species and metals in fogwater were 1–2 orders of magnitude larger than in rainwater. Several linear alkane organic compounds were observed in the fogwater, representing the contributions from petroleum products at concentrations far exceeding their aqueous solubility. A pesticide (atrazine) was also observed in fogwater, representing the contribution from the agricultural activities nearby.