西海堤垃圾场和西田垃圾场陈垃圾特性研究

结合深圳市宝安区西海堤垃圾场和西田垃圾场现场实验，分析了陈垃圾的物理成分，并将其与新鲜垃圾物理成分作对比，得出易降解有机物含量、塑胶含量和无机物含量与陈垃圾稳定化的关系。     

油气包裹体在成藏年代学研究中的应用实例分析

本文介绍了烃类流体包裹体在油气成藏期次、成藏年代和成藏史研究方面的应用 ,讨论了该方法在成藏年代学研究中存在的一些问题。指出在运用流体包裹体均一温度进行成藏年代分析时 ,一般应采用共生盐水包裹体的均一温度。认为流体包裹体均一温度确定成藏年代的准确性 ,一方面取决于储层埋藏史和热史模型的可靠性 ,另一方面后期构造热事件也是可能的影响因素。后期热事件可能使包裹体最初形成时的均一温度发生再平衡 ,造成所测的均一温度高于成藏时实际的古地温 ,由此确定的成藏年代将比实际的成藏年代偏晚。     

粤中长坑金银矿床的碳、氧、氢同位素研究

长坑金银矿床方解石的δ13C值为-3．23‰，方解石和石英的δ18O分别为8．64‰～18．61‰和9．60‰～13．0‰，其范围与其它卡林型金矿相似。结合大本（Ohmoto）模式的理论分析，认为成矿热液的总联同位素组成可大致取为-2‰～－17‰，即碳主要来自地层中的沉积碳酸盐，部分来自有机碳。推导出水岩交换过程中流体氢、氧同位素演化的一般性协变方程并进行了理论模拟，认为成矿流体以燕山晚期一第三纪的加热大气降水或建造水为主。     

地热水除铁除锰工艺研究

通过对地热水的特点及其用途的分析 ,阐述了地热水除铁除锰机理 ,采用曝气充氧、天然锰砂接触氧化的除铁除锰工艺 ,并适当控制反冲洗强度和时间 ,使处理后地热水含铁、锰浓度达到标准 ,且不增加有害成分或减少有益成分。设备投资省、运行成本低 ,热损失小 ,是一种理想的地热水除铁工艺。     

利用绿矾开发超细氧化铁颜料的研究进展

硫酸法钛白副产物硫酸亚铁可用于制备细氧化铁颜料，该文主要评述利用绿矾开发超细绿化铁颜料的净化方法，颜料制备及其工艺条件对粒子形态的影响，认为此法既有利于环境保护，又能为废为宝，值得介绍推广。     

Removal of petroleum tar from bird feathers utilizing magnetic particles

A previously reported acute temperature dependency for the effective removal of tarry residue from feather clusters, utilising magnetic particles, has also been demonstrated to occur for the plumage of whole birds, whereby a maximum removal of up to 96% may be achieved. The experimental design allows an approximate equilibrium constant, for the distribution of contaminant between the residue and the magnetic particles, to be estimated at each temperature. This allows the thermodynamics of the process to be examined via application of the van't Hoff equation, suggesting an explanation for the phenomenon.     

汽油车尾气亚慢性暴露对小鼠肺的损伤作用

机动车尾气是我国大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)污染的主要来源之一,长期暴露于机动车尾气对动物呼吸系统及其他多种脏器造成损害。为探索长期暴露于汽油燃烧的汽车尾气对小鼠肺组织的损伤作用,将51只雄性8周龄SPF级ICR小鼠随机分为7个处理。其中,空气对照组1个(6只);箱体对照组3个:0.5 h对照组(5只)、1 h对照组(8只)、2 h对照组(8只);汽油车尾气暴露组3个:0.5 h暴露组(8只)、1 h暴露组(8只)、2 h暴露组(8只)。小鼠每天在自制染毒箱中暴露0.5 h、1 h、2 h。95 d的暴露实验后,处死实验鼠,测定其肺组织的炎症因子白介素-6(IL-6)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子β(TGF-β),并制作小鼠肺部病理学切片进行HE染色。暴露实验过程中,观察记录小鼠行为特征,测定箱体内O_2、NO_x、NO_2、NO、SO_2和CO的浓度。采集汽油车尾气的PM2.5,对其水溶性阴离子(F~-、Cl~-、NO_2~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-))、水溶性阳离子(Na~+、NH_4~+、Ca~(2+)、K~+、Mg~(2+))、有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)、7种重金属元素(Cu、Ni、Mn、Zn、Pb、As、Cr)、16种多环芳烃(PAHs)浓度等进行了测定。结果表明:(1)亚慢性染毒箱内汽油车尾气PM2.5所分析的化学物质中,OC浓度最高,占PM2.5中总化学物质浓度的75.5%;其次是EC,占22.9%;再次是阴离子和阳离子,分别占1.11%和0.27%。(2)3个暴露组小鼠活跃程度降低,暴露5～8 min后进入睡眠或休息状态,呼吸频率降低,小鼠通过这些行为来减少汽油车尾气的伤害。(3)汽油车尾气长期暴露组的体重增长率与各自对照组之间不存在显著差异,但2 h暴露组体重增长率明显小于2 h对照组,且2 h暴露组在第14周开始体重有下降的趋势。(4)与对照组相比,1 h暴露组的IL-6和0.5 h暴露组的TNF-α显著升高,说明汽油车尾气暴露造成小鼠肺炎症损伤,使IL-6、TNF-α的分泌增加。随着暴露时间的延长,IL-6和TNF-α表现为2 h暴露组分别显著低于1 h暴露组和0.5 h暴露组,意味长期暴露后小鼠肺部受到严重伤害,免疫力严重下降,不再有积极的抗炎性反应。(5)组织病理观察表明,与开放对照组比较,3个汽油车尾气暴露组小鼠肺部组织充血较为严重,大量淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞浸润,肺泡间质增生明显,呈现出随时间延长损伤加重的梯度差异。(6)汽油车尾气长期暴露可致实验鼠肺脏损伤,且随着暴露时间的增加,对肺组织造成的损伤程度增加。     

Temporal changes in the fluoride levels of jaws of European deer in industrial regions of Western Pomerania,Poland

The factories processing natural phosphates and apatites in Poland release into the atmosphere considerable amounts of fluorine compounds. Fluoride is known to accumulate in the hard tissues of animals and humans. This paper describes the determination of fluoride in mandibles of deer in the years 1982 and 1990. In recent years, the establishments have restricted their output and modernized the technology of phosphate fertilizer production. The fluoride content in jaws has decreased, particularly in those animals having their habitat in the vicinity of the two factories.     

Microscopic structure of soil Fe-Mn nodules: environmental implication

The internal structure, iron and manganese distributions of Fe-Mn nodules from imperfectly drained soils of central Greece were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis. Nodules exhibited a differentiated structure with discontinuous concentric rings as expression of their redox history. Fe and Mn have shown distinct repartition and were distributed mainly in concentric bands. The microstructure and the arrangement of iron—manganese compounds reflect the periodical development and the relative slow accretion rates of the studied nodules. These properties provide ample opportunity for adsorption and isolation of heavy metals from the soil system.     

Highly efficient photodegradation of the pesticide metolcarb induced by Fe complexes

Here we show the efficient photoinduced degradation of the pesticide metolcarb, in less than 400 min, using iron(III) aquacomplexes and 365 nm light. The degradation is mainly due to the formation of hydroxyl radical. It was complete when molecular oxygen was present. The analytical study gives evidence for the primary formation of several byproducts formed from 1) the scission of the O–C bond, 2) the hydroxylation of the aromatic moiety and 3) the attack of the two methyl groups. Under prolonged irradiation and in aerated solutions, efficient mineralization was evidenced by the study of total organic carbon evolution as a function of irradiation time.